Edward III "The Confessor" King Of ENGLAND

Other Events:

• AFN: B19R-SM
• Name: The Confessor
• _UID: D82A126C78704ABDAC95299630EA02CD580D

Notes:

In 1042 Edward 'the Confessor' became King. As the surviving son of Ethelred and his second wife, Emma, he was a half-brother of Hardicanute. With few rivals (Canute's line was extinct and Edward's only male relatives were two nephews in exile), Edward was undisputed King; the threat of usurpation by the King of Norway rallied the English and Danes in allegiance to Edward. Brought up in exile in Normandy, Edward lacked military ability or reputation. His Norman sympathies caused tensions with one of Canute's most powerful earls, Godwin of Wessex, whose daughter, Edith, Edward married in 1045 (the marriage was childless).

These tensions resulted in the crisis of 1050-52, when Godwin assembled an army to defy Edward. With reinforcements from the earls of Mercia and Northumberland, Edward banished Godwin from the country and sent Queen Edith from court. Edward used the opportunity to appoint Normans to places at court, and as sheriffs at local level. William, Duke of Normandy may have been designated heir. However, the hostile reaction to this increased Norman influence brought Godwin back. Edward subsequently formed a closer alliance with Godwin's son Harold, who led the army as the King's deputy (he defeated a Welsh incursion in 1055) and whom Edward may have named as heir on his deathbed.

Warding off political threats, England during the last 15 years of Edward's reign was relatively peaceful. Prosperity was rising as agricultural techniques improved and the population rose to around one million. Taxation was comparatively light, as Edward was not an extravagant king and lived off the revenues of his own lands (approximately ?5,500 a year) - nor did he have to pay for expensive military campaigns. Deeply religious, Edward was responsible for building Westminster Abbey (in the Norman style) and he was buried there after his death in 1066.


Source: lorenfamily.com

Edward married on 23 Jan 1044-1045. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• AFN: B19R-5C
• Name: Aethelred II "The Unready" Of WESSEX
• Name: The Unready
• _UID: 41EC8E7EDABD4F20A2C61747ACB386F3DDCA

Notes:

Ethelred, the younger son of Edgar, became king at the age of seven following the murder of his half-brother Edward II in 978 at Corfe Castle, Dorset, by Edward's own supporters.

For the rest of Ethelred's rule (reigned 978-1016), his brother became a posthumous rallying point for political unrest; a hostile Church transformed Edward into a royal martyr. Known as the Un-raed or 'Unready' (meaning 'no counsel', or that he was unwise), Ethelred failed to win or retain the allegiance of many of his subjects. In 1002, he ordered the massacre of all Danes in England to eliminate potential treachery.

Not being an able soldier, Ethelred defended the country against increasingly rapacious Viking raids from the 980s onwards by diplomatic alliance with the duke of Normandy in 991 (he later married the duke's daughter Emma) and by buying off renewed attacks by the Danes with money levied through a tax called the Danegeld. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in 1006 was dismissive: 'in spite of it all, the Danish army went about as it pleased'. By 1012, 48,000 pounds of silver was being paid in Danegeld to Danes camped in London.

In 1013, Ethelred fled to Normandy when the powerful Viking Sweyn of Denmark dispossessed him. Ethelred returned to rule after Sweyn's death in 1014, but died himself in 1016.


Source: lorenfamily.com

Relationship (J,M&L):
32nd Great-grandparent

Ethelred married Emma Princess Of NORMANDY in 1002 in Of Normandie, France. Emma (daughter of Richard I "Sans Peur" Duke Of NORMANDY, 3rd and Gunnora (Gonnor) DE CREPON) was born about 982 in Normandie (Normandy), France; died on 6 Mar 1051-1052 in , Winchester, Hampshire, England; was buried in St Martin's Church, Winchester, Hampshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• AFN: B19R-Q9
• _UID: 61B7A449BA774EDA835D7854B11846CEE77E

Notes:

Source: lorenfamily.com

Other Events:

• AFN: GS4H-P7
• Name: Edgar "The PEACABLE"
• Name: The Peacable
• _UID: F5A624911EF14971A6590C8BB4138AB8B868

Notes:

Edgar, king in Mercia and the Danelaw from 957, succeeded his brother as king of the English on Edwy's death in 959 - a death which probably prevented civil war breaking out between the two brothers. Edgar was a firm and capable ruler whose power was acknowledged by other rulers in Britain, as well as by Welsh and Scottish kings. Edgar's late coronation in 973 at Bath was the first to be recorded in some detail; his queen Aelfthryth was the first consort to be crowned queen of England.

Edgar was the patron of a great monastic revival which owed much to his association with Archbishop Dunstan. New bishoprics were created, Benedictine monasteries were reformed and old monastic sites were re-endowed with royal grants, some of which were of land recovered from the Vikings.

In the 970s and in the absence of Viking attacks, Edgar - a stern judge - issued laws which for the first time dealt with Northumbria (parts of which were in the Danelaw) as well as Wessex and Mercia. Edgar's coinage was uniform throughout the kingdom. A more united kingdom based on royal justice and order was emerging; the Monastic Agreement (c.970) praised Edgar as 'the glorious, by the grace of Christ illustrious king of the English and of the other peoples dwelling within the bounds of the island of Britain'. After his death on 8 July 975, Edgar was buried at Glastonbury Abbey, Somerset.


Source: lorenfamily.com

Edgar married Elfrida (Elfthryth) Queen Of ENGLAND in 964 in , Wessex, England. Elfrida was born about 947 in Of, Devonshire, England; died in 1000. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• AFN: GS4H-QD
• Name: Elfrida (ELFTHRYTH)
• _UID: 729AE9BCB7864E90A5AF0A286EBDA5042614

Notes:

Source: lorenfamily.com

Other Events:

• Name: Richard I "The Fearless" Duke Of NORMANDY
• Name: Richard I Of NORMANDY
• Name: Sans Peur
• _UID: EB96E81D716F45448714AE90D76A321B568B

Notes:

BIOGRAPHY: acceded 942. From Rosamond McKitterick.s, "The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians 751-987", London & NY (Longman) 1983, pp. 238-239: "When in 942 WILLIAM was murdered at the instigation of COUNT ARNULF OF FLANDERS (RIN 2173), his son Richard, still a minor, succeeded him. LOUIS IV (RIN 1617) and HUGH THE GREAT (RIN 1206) each tried to sieze Normandy, and LOUIS took charge of Richard. He then ensconced himself at Rouen and HUGH took Bayeux, which still had a Scandinavian leader called Sictric. Richard escaped from his custody at Laon, retook Rouen, and called on another Viking leader, Harald of the Bassin, for help. The Normans under Richard were able to re-establish their autonomy and from 947 Richard governed in relative peace. In 965 he swore allegiance to the Carolingian king Lothar [son of LOUIS IV] at Gisors. Richard's official marriage was to Emma, daughter of HUGH THE GREAT; they had no children, but by his common-law wife GUNNOR, a Dane, he had many. RICHARD II, son of GUNNOR and Richard I, succeeded his father in 996, another son Robert was archbishop of Rouen from 989 to 1037 and EMMA their daughter became queen of England on her marriage to AETHELREAD, a position she maintained after his death in 1016 by marrying Knut. GUNNOR's nephews and other relatives further more formed the core of the new aristocracy which developed in the course of the eleventh century. Unfortunately we know little about the internal organization and history of Normandy until the reign of RICHARD II."

Richard married Gunnora (Gonnor) DE CREPON after 962 in France. Gunnora (daughter of Herbastus DE CREPON, King Of Denmark and Gunnhild OLAFSDOTTIR) was born about 936 in Arque, Seine-Inferieure, Normandy, France; died about 1031 in France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• FamilySearch ID: G39Q-HBK
• Name: Gonnor De CREPON
• _UID: 5A335DB7DA964FACAA2D335ABBBB4F4F8453

Notes:

Curt Hofemann, [email protected], in a post-em, wrote:

Apparently she was not "de Crepon" & her parentage is unknown:

The name of the father of Gunnor is unknown. Herbastus is derived from the name of her brother Herfast/Arfastus, but is unsupported. [Ref: Todd A Farmerie message to Gen-Medieval 6 Nov 1996]

The greater part of our information about Gunnor and her relations is derived from those additions to the History of William of Jumieges for which Robert de Rotigny is responsible. It is Robert who preserved the story of how Richard I of Normandy became enamoured of the beautiful Senfrie, wife of one of his foresters, and how Senfrie contrived to substitute her sister Gunnor for herself, to the Duke's ultimate satisfaction. [Ref The Sisters and Nieces of Gunnor, Duchess of Normandy by G.H. White in the Genealogist, New Series 1921 v37 p57]

Parentage of Gunnor and her siblings is unknown. While some sources call her father Herfastus, this was in fact the name of her brother. She has also been claimed as a daughter of the Danish royal family, but there is no evidence for this, and the context of her coming to attention of Richard I and the family's subsequent rise to power militates against her being a royal daughter. Douglas argued, based on the donations of brother Arfast to the monastery of St. Pere, that the root of the family was in the Cotetin region of Normandy, but van Houts has suggested that the Cotetin land was granted to Arfast, rather than inherited by him. Thus we are left with the more ambiguous statement of Torigny and others that she was a member of a Norman family of Danish origins. [Ref: Todd A Farmerie message to Gen-Medieval 5 Jan 1997]

Gunnora ... was not "de Crepon", nor was she daughter of Herbastus de Crepon of Denmark - her brother Herfastus/Arfast appears to have received Crepon only after Gunnora took up with Richard I, and thus the family was not originally from there. Likewise, while she is said to be of a noble family of Danish ancestry, it is not stated that her father was from Denmark (the family probably arrived with Rollo, in the generation of her (unknown) grandfather. [Ref: Todd A Farmerie message to Gen-Medieval 28 Jul 2000]

Research note 1: Was her father Herfast de CREPON or King Haraldblaafand of DENMARK? There is a lack of consensus on this. -Charlotte's Web Geneology http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjones/d0042/g0000020.htm#I239

Research note 2: father: Harald I Blaatand, Bluetooth, King of Denmark [Ref: McBride2 (possibly citing Wurts)]

My notes on Gunnora:
This is the same Gunnora known as Gunnora of Crepon, but both are of little value. Gunnora was NOT of Denmark. Some inventive genealogist somewhere along the line decided to make her daughter of Harald Bluetooth, but there is no basis for this, and what we know of her indicates it is not really a possibility worthy of consideration. Her nephew later was called "of Crepon" but he likely gained his posessions through Gunnora's marriage to the Duke, rather than this representing the original home of the clan.

What can be said of Gunnora's parents? Nothing! She was not daughter of Harfast, as (too) often stated. Her family was likely of the minor Norman nobility, since her oldest sister was married to a forester at the time Richard first bumped into the girls. That's it.

Richard I of Normandy first bedded, and later married Gunnora, whose ancestry is entirely unknown. She is sometimes said to be daughter of a King of Denmark, but this is incorrect. [taf]

There are several things going on here. First of all, the father of Gunnora and siblings is not known. Attempts to name him Herbastus probably originated in confusion with her brother. Second, Gunnora had three sisters, Senfria/Senfreda, Wevia, and (Avelina). The first married an otherwise unknown forester. The latter two are confused by our two sources, one claiming that it was Wevia who married Osbern, and the other that Wevia married Turold of Pont Audemer, and by deduction, (Avelina) married Osbern. We know that Osbern married one of them, and a recent analysis suggests that it was Wevia for nomenclatural reasons. (Specifically, Turold and wife had a granddaughter named Duvelina, and it is hyposthesized that she was named for her grandmother, and that Duvelina is the authentic name of the sister, rather than Avelina. Finally, in which generation was Osbern's. This is unambiguous. She was sister of Gunnora and the others. There is no source before recent times that claims otherwise. There are two probable origins for the error that she was niece of Gunnora. First, due to the error in naming her father Herfastus, someone aware that this was the name of Gunnora's brother assumed then that Avelina's father was Gunnora's brother (the name of Gunnora's father being unknown, and probably unknowable). The second possibility is a confusion of uncle and nephew. Harfastus/Arfast had a son Osbern of Crepon, and perhaps someone confused this man with Osbern of Bolbec. Still, we know for certain that Osbern of Bolbec married a sister of Gunnora. [Ref: Dave Utzinger message to Gen-Medieval 29 Jul 2000]

Regards,
Curt

Other Events:

• AFN: GS4H-RK
• Name: The Magnificent
• _UID: FD60A21612AE4324B7281B5564375827A5C5
• Titled: Between 939 and 946
• Event: 29 Nov 939

Notes:

Source: lorenfamily.com

Titled:
King of England

Event:
Crowned at Kingston-upon-Thames

Edmund married Elgiva (St. Elgiva) Queen Of ENGLAND about 940. Elgiva was born about 922 in Wessex, England; died in 944 in Shaftesbury Abbey, Dorsetshire, England; was buried in Shaftesbury Abbey, Dorsetshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• AFN: 8HS0-85
• _UID: 415E081875054062BDD110364645BB4C4195

Notes:

Source: lorenfamily.com

Other Events:

• Name: Longsword
• _UID: 100D3E5953F44E90A1651F142A5E236C2985

Notes:

AKA: William FitzRobert "Longsword"
BIOGRAPHY: Acceded 932 Per Rosamond McKitterick's, "The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians 751-987", London & NY (Longman) 1983, p 238: "William Longsword, ROLLO's son and successor, was the principal architect of Normandy's development. He married the daughter of HERBERT OF VERMANDOIS but his children were born of a Breton concubine. William had supported LOUIS IV (RIN 1617) and attempted to establish his protection over Brittany, gaining at least the Cotentin and Avranchin in 933. There remains some doubt about William's claim to the whole Breton peninsula. When in 942 William was murdered at the instigation of COUNT ARNULF OF FLANDERS, his son Richard, still a minor, succeeded him." [source unrecorded]: ROLLO died in 927, and was succeeded by his son William "Long Sword" born of his union 'more danico' with POPPA, daughter of COUNT BERENGER; he showed some attachment to the Scandinavian language, for he sent his son William to Bayeux to learn Norse. The first two dukes also displayed a certain fidelity to the Carolingian dynasty of France, and in 936 William "Long-Sword" did homage to LOUIS IV d'Outremer. He died on 17th of December 942, assassinated by the COUNT OF FLANDERS.

William married Sprota (Adela) Of Senlis in 1st Marriage. Sprota was born about 911 in Rennes, Anjou, France; died in 940 in Normandie (Normandy), France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• _UID: 9B54331A227743D6800026BD6C7CFA94C7D2

Notes:

Married:
NOTE MARRIED

Other Events:

• FamilySearch ID: G8ST-XJY
• Name: Herbastus "Not" De CREPON
• Name: Herbastus De CREPON
• Name: Herbastus De CREPON
• _UID: 8E5995C67F774B15BD5E9C1C8A476BC86F50

Notes:

BIOGRAPHY: Royality for Commoners specifies that he is the same as King of Denmark, Haraldblaafand. BIOGRAPHY: History of Normandy; Under Roman domination the region formed part of Gallia Lugdunensis (Celtic Gaul). With the Frankish invasions it was made a constitiuent part of the Kingdom of Neustria. It came to be known as Normandy about 911, when Charles III King of France, turned it over to Rollo, the leader of a menacing band of Viking raiders. In 1066 a descendant of Rollo, William II, duke of Normandy, led an invasion of England and established himself there as William I, King of England. Normandy remained an English possession until conquered in 1204 by Philip II Augustus, King of France. During the Hundred years' War, the region was held at various times by both Frenct and English forces; it was finally recovered by the French in 1450. The Channel Islands, which were once a part of Normandy, remained in the possession of England. Normandy was the location of the Allied invasion of German-occupied france during World War II.

Apparently there is no evidence of what the name was of the father of Gunnor, Senfrie, Herfast, and Avelina. Ancestral Roots states he was a forester of Arque. He was not of Crepon, but later genealogists mistakenly thought the family was of Crepon because Herbastus' son, Herfast, received lands in Crepon, probably due to the relationship of his sister with Duke Richard.

I will leave the "de Crepon" name with the family, just as I have the Plantagenet name with that family, although the Plantagenets were not known by that name until Richard, Duke of York in the 1400's. However I will put a "not' in front of everybody but the son, who was "de Crepon".

Relationship (J,M&L):
33rd Great-grandparent

Occupation:
Forester of Arque

Herbastus married Gunnhild OLAFSDOTTIR about 959. Gunnhild was born in 923 in Uppsala, Sweden; died in 1000 in Longueville, Aqaluitaine, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• FamilySearch ID: G8ST-QDR
• Name: Gyrithe Olafsdotter Princess Of SWEDEN
• Name: Gyrithe OLAFSDOTTER QUEEN OF DENMARK
• _UID: 17583E47B13D479C99B5FD7C8906FB9DB3A2

Notes:

Source: lorenfamily.com

Relationship (J,M&L):
35th Great-grandparent