Eleanor PLANTAGENET

Other Events:

• FamilySearch ID: GX7R-J5L
• _UID: A906B7D924EF4A089563580C55138E6C62D0

Other Events:

• Affiliation: ; House of Plantagenet
• FamilySearch ID: LYWX-CBR
• Name: Edward I
• Name: Longshanks
• Occupation: 1265; Lord Warden of the Clinque Ports
• RULED: Between 1272 and 1307, King Of England
• ACCEDED: 19 Aug 1274, Westminster Abbey, London, Middlesex, England

Notes:

Edward I, called Longshanks (1239-1307), king of England (1272-1307), of the house of Plantagenet. He was born in Westminster on June 17, 1239, the eldest son of King Henry III, and at 15 married Eleanor of Castile. In the struggles of the barons against the crown for constitutional and ecclesiastical reforms, Edward took a vacillating course. When warfare broke out between the crown and the nobility, Edward fought on the side of the king, winning the decisive battle of Evesham in 1265. Five years later he left England to join the Seventh Crusade. Following his father's death in 1272, and while he was still abroad, Edward was recognized as king by the English barons; in 1273, on his return to England, he was crowned.
He was the King that had William Wallace (Braveheart) executed.

Edward I (17/18 June 1239 ? 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots (Latin: Malleus Scotorum), was King of England from 1272 to 1307.
...
First marriage

By his first wife Eleanor of Castile, Edward had at least fourteen children, perhaps as many as sixteen. Of these, five daughters survived into adulthood, but only one son outlived his father, becoming King Edward II (1307? 1327). He was reportedly concerned with his son's failure to live up to the expectations of an heir to the crown, and at one point decided to exile the prince's favourite Piers Gaveston.

Edward's children with Eleanor were:
1. Katherine (before 17 June 1264 ? 5 September 1264), buried at Westminster Abbey.
2. Joanna (Summer or January 1265 ? before 7 September 1265), buried in Westminster Abbey.
3. John (13 July 1266 ? 3 August 1271), predeceased his father and died at Wallingford while in the custody of his granduncle Richard, Earl of Cornwall; buried at Westminster Abbey.
4. Henry (6 May 1268 ? 14 October 1274), predeceased his father, buried in Westminster Abbey.
5. Eleanor (c. 18 June 1269 ? 19 August 1298); in 1293 she married Henry III, Count of Bar, by whom she had two children, buried in Westminster Abbey.
6. Juliana (after May 1271 ? 5 September 1271), born and died while Edward and Eleanor were in Acre.
7. Joan of Acre (1272 ? 23 April 1307), married (1) in 1290 Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford, who died in 1295, and (2) in 1297 Ralph de Monthermer. She had four children by Clare, and three or four by Monthermer.
8. Alphonso, Earl of Chester (24 November 1273 ? 19 August 1284), predeceased his father, buried in Westminster Abbey.
9. Margaret (c.15 March 1275 ? after 11 March 1333), married John II of Brabant in 1290, with whom she had one son.
10. Berengaria (May 1276 ? between 7 June 1277 and 1278), buried in Westminster Abbey.
11. Daughter (December 1277 ? January 1278), buried in Westminster Abbey.
12. Mary of Woodstock (11 March 1278 ? before 8 July 1332[260]), a Benedictine nun in Amesbury Priory, Wiltshire, where she was probably buried.
13. Son (1280/81 ? 1280/81), predeceased his father; little evidence exists for this child.
14. Elizabeth of Rhuddlan (c. 7 August 1282 ? 5 May 1316), married (1) in 1297 John I, Count of Holland, (2) in 1302 Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford. The first marriage was childless; by Bohun she had ten children.
15. Edward II (25 April 1284 ? 21 September 1327), succeeded his father as king of England. In 1308 he married Isabella of France, with whom he had four children.

Second marriage
By Margaret of France, Edward had two sons, both of whom lived to adulthood, and a daughter who died as a child. The Hailes Abbey chronicle indicates that John Botetourt may have been Edward's illegitimate son; however, the claim is unsubstantiated.

His progeny by Margaret of France were:
1. Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk (1 June 1300 ? 4 August 1338), buried in Bury St Edmunds Abbey. Married (1) Alice Hales, with issue; (2) Mary Brewes, no issue.
2. Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent (5 August 1301 ? 19 March 1330), married Margaret Wake, 3rd Baroness Wake of Liddell, with issue.
3. Eleanor (4 May 1306 ? August 1311).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I_of_England




AKA (2):
"Longshanks"

Edward married Princess Margaret on 8 Sep 1299 in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent Co., England. Margaret (daughter of King Philippe III CAPET, Roi de France and Marie DE BRABANT, Reine de France) was born between 1279 and 1282 in Paris, France; died on 14 Feb 1316-1317 in Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire, England; was buried in Grey Friars, Church, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: 9HB6-J38
• Name: Marguerite CAPET
• Name: Marguerite DE FRANCE
• _UID: 6DB4EAA415B340D998E213ED7FCC589D4AF8

Notes:

She was the Princess of France.

Other Events:

• Affiliation: ; House of Plantagenet
• FamilySearch ID: 9SS7-5BT
• _UID: D4BD16507F644F278F04EA01D4A8B4F6F407
• RULED: Between 1216 and 1272, Was A Weak And Incompetent Rulers.
• TitleOfNobility: Between 1216 and 1272; King of England
• ACCEDED: 28 Oct 1216, Gloucester Cathedral, England

Notes:

Barons rebelled against his rule under Simond de Montfort.

He was the King of England from 1216 to 1272. In the 24 years (1234-58) during which he had effective control of the government, he displayed such indifference to tradition that the barons finally forced him to agree to a series of major reforms, the Provisions of Oxford (1258).

The elder son and heir of King John (ruled 1199-1216), Henry was nine years old when his father died. At that time London and much of eastern England were in the hands of rebel barons led by Prince Louis (later King Louis VIII of France), son of the French king Philip II Augustus. A council of regency presided over by the venerable William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, was formed to rule for Henry; by 1217 the rebels had been defeated and Louis forced to withdraw from England. After Pembroke's death in 1219 Hubert de Burgh ran the government until he was dismissed by Henry in 1232. Two ambitious Frenchmen, Peter des Roches and Peter des Rivaux, then dominated Henry's regime until the barons brought about their expulsion in1234. That event marked the beginning of Henry's personal rule.

Although Henry was charitable and cultured, he lacked the ability to rule effectively. In diplomatic and military affairs he proved to be arrogant yet cowardly, ambitious yet impractical. The breach between the King and his barons began as earlyas 1237, when the barons expressed outrage at the influence exercised over the government by Henry's Savoyard relatives. The marriage arranged (1238) by Henry between his sister, Eleanor, and his brilliant young French favourite, Simon deMontfort, Earl of Leicester, increased foreign influence and further aroused the nobility's hostility. In 1242 Henry's Lusignan half brothers involved him in a costly and disastrous military venture in France. The barons then began to demand avoice in selecting Henry's counsellors, but the King repeatedly rejected their proposal. Finally, in 1254 Henry made a serious blunder. He concluded an agreement with Pope Innocent IV (pope 1243-54), offering to finance papal wars in Sicily if thePope would grant his infant son, Edmund, the Sicilian crown. Four years later Pope Alexander IV (pope 1254-61) threatened to excommunicate Henry for failing to meet this financial obligation. Henry appealed to the barons for funds, but they agreedto cooperate only if he would accept far-reaching reforms. These measures, the Provisions of Oxford, provided for the creation of a 15-member privy council, selected (indirectly) by the barons, to advise the King and oversee the entireadministration. The barons, however, soon quarrelled among themselves, and Henry seized the opportunity to renounce the Provisions (1261). In April 1264 Montfort, who had emerged as Henry's major baronial opponent, raised a rebellion; thefollowing month he defeated and captured the King and his eldest son, Edward, at the Battle of Lewes (May 14, 1264), Sussex. Montfort ruled England in Henry's name until he was defeated and killed by Edward at the Battle of Evesham, Worcestershire, in August 1265. Henry, weak and senile, then allowed Edward to take charge of the government. After the King's death, Edward ascended the throne as King Edward I.

Henry married Countess Eleanor BERENGER, Of Provence on 14 Jan 1236-1237 in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent Co., England. Eleanor (daughter of Count Raymond BERENGER, V and Countess Beatrice DE SAVOIE) was born in 1222 in Aix-En-Provence, Bouches Du Rhone, France; died on 24 Jun 1291 in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England; was buried on 25 Jun 1291 in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• Affiliation: ; House of Barcelona
• FamilySearch ID: 9HD3-MC1
• RULED: After King Henry Died She Took The Veil At Amesbury
• Name: ?l?onore DE PROVENCE
• Residence: Abbey of St. Mary and St. Melor, Amesbury, Wiltshire, England
• _UID: A8B4EABF03A841C982B0570087C090738D5B
• TitleOfNobility: 1223, France & England; Countess of Provence Queen of England
• TitleOfNobility: Between 1236 and 1272; Queen consort of England
• ACCEDED: 20 Jan 1235-1236, Westminster Abbey, London, Middlesex, England
• Occupation: Between 1253 and 1254; Keeper of the Great Seal
• Writ to assign dower: 10 Oct 1273
• Grant (YAS vol 11, Inquisitions): 28 Oct 1283
• Religion: 7 Jul 1284, Amesbury, Wiltshire, England; Became a nun at Amesbury Abbey a Benedictine abbey of women founded by Queen ?lfthryth in about the year 979 on what may have been the site of an earlier monastery. The abbey was dissolved in 1177 by Henry II, who founded in its place a house of the Order

Notes:

Encyclopedia Britannica Online at britannica.com:
Eleanor of Provence, born 1223 died June 25, 1291, Amesbury, Wiltshire, England.
French ?l?onore De Provence queen consort of King Henry III of England (ruled 1216-7 2); her widespread unpopularity intensified the severe conflicts between the King and his barons. Eleanor's father was Raymond Berengar IV, Count of Provence, and her
mother was the daughter of Thomas I, count of Savoy. The marriage of Eleanor and Henry (January 1236) was designed to further the King's con tinental ambitions. Eleanor soon alienated the barons by having her Savoyard and Proven?al uncles installed in high offices in England.

After rebel barons captured Henry and took over the government in May 1264, Eleanor became the l eader of the royalist exiles in France. She raised an invasion force, but her fleet was wrecked at Sluis, Flanders.

Nevertheless, the rebels were crushed in August 1265, and Eleanor then returned to England. Upon the death of Henry and the accession of her son Edward I, she retired to a nunnery at Amesbury.

Other Events:

• FamilySearch ID: 9HMM-VB6
• Name: Philip III CAPET - ROI DE FRANCE
• Name: Phillip III the Bold KING OF FRANCE
• Title: 1270; King of France
• Coronation: 30 Aug 1271, Reims, Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France

Notes:

Philip III (30 April 1245 ? 5 October 1285), called the Bold (French: le Hardi), was King of France from 1270 to 1285, the tenth from the House of Capet.

King of France
Reign 25 August 1270 ? 5 October 1285
Coronation
30 August 1271
PredecessorLouis IX
Successor Philip IV
Born 30 April 1245 Poissy
Died 5 October 1285 (aged 40)
Perpignan
Burial Initially Narbonne, later Saint Denis Basilica

SpouseIsabella of Aragon (m. 1262)
Maria of Brabant (m. 1274)

Issue
Louis of France
Philip IV of France
Charles, Count of Valois
Louis, Count of ?vreux
Blanche, Duchess of Austria
Margaret, Queen of England
House Capet
Father
Louis IX of France
Mother
Margaret of Provence
Religion
Roman Catholicism

Philip proved indecisive, soft in nature, and timid. The strong personalities of his parents apparently crushed him, and policies of his father dominated him. People called him "the Bold" on the basis of his abilities in combat and on horseback and not on the basis of his political or personal character. He was pious but not cultivated. He followed the suggestions of others, first of Pierre de La Broce and then of his uncle King Charles I of Naples, Sicily, and Albania.

His father, Louis IX, died in Tunis during the Eighth Crusade. Philip, who was accompanying him, came back to France to claim his throne and was anointed at Reims in 1271.

Philip made numerous territorial acquisitions during his reign, the most notable being the County of Toulouse which was annexed to the Crown lands of France in 1271. Following the Sicilian Vespers, a rebellion triggered by Peter III of Aragon against Philip's uncle Charles I of Naples, Philip led an unsuccessful Aragonese Crusade in support of his uncle. Philip was forced to retreat and died from dysentry in Perpignan in 1285. He was succeeded by his son Philip the Fair.

Biography

Early life

Philip was born in Poissy to King Saint Louis IX of France[2] and Margaret of Provence, queen consort of France. As a younger son, Philip was not expected to rule a kingdom. At the death of his elder brother Louis in 1260, he became the heir to the throne. He was then 15 years old and had less skill than his brother, being of a gentle character, submissive, timid and versatile, almost crushed by the strong personalities of his parents.

His mother Margaret made him promise to remain under her tutelage until the age of 30, but his father King Louis had him released from this oath by the pope, preferring to improve his son through education. Pope Urban IV released Philip from his oath on 6 June 1263. From 1268 Pierre de La Brosse became mentor. Saint Louis also provided him his own advice, writing in particular Enseignements, which inculcate primarily the notion of justice as the first duty of the king. He also received a very faith-oriented education. Guillaume d'Ercuis was also his chaplain before being the tutor of his son, the future king Philip IV.

Advent of Sorrow

Following the Treaty of Corbeil (1258), concluded on 11 March 1258 between James I of Aragon and his father, Philip was married in 1262 to Isabella of Aragon in Clermont by the archbishop of Rouen Eudes Rigaud. As Count of Orl?ans, he accompanied his father to the Eighth Crusade in Tunis, 1270. Shortly before his departure, St. Louis had given the regency of the kingdom into the hands of Mathieu de Vend?me and Simon II de Clermont-Nesle, Count of Clermont, to whom he had also entrusted the royal seal. After taking Carthage, the army was struck by an epidemic of dysentery, which spared neither Philip nor his family. His brother John Tristan, Count of Valois died first, on 3 August, and on 25 August the king died.[a][3] To prevent putrefaction of the remains of the sovereign, they recoursed to Mos Teutonicus.

Philip, then 25 years old, was proclaimed king in Tunis. With neither great personality or will, very pious, but a good rider, he owed his nickname of "Bold" to his valor in combat than strength of character. He was unable to command the troops at the death of his father. He left his uncle Charles I of Naples to negotiate with Muhammad I al-Mustansir, Hafsid Sultan of Tunis; there was a truce of ten years which allowed him to return to France. He got the payment of tribute from the caliph of Tunis in exchange for the departure of the crusaders. A treaty was concluded 28 October 1270 between the kings of France, Sicily and Navarre and the barons on one hand and the caliph of Tunis on the other.

Other deaths followed this debacle. In December, in Trapani, Sicily, the brother-in-law of Philip, King Theobald II of Navarre, died. He was quickly followed to the grave by Philip's sister Isabella. Finally, a month later, in Calabria, his wife Isabella, while pregnant with their fifth child, fell off her horse. She broke her spine, miscarried and died in terrible pain at Cosenza.

Philip III arrived in Paris on 21 May 1271, and made foremost tribute to the deceased. The next day the funeral of his father was held. The new sovereign was crowned King of France in Reims 15 August 1271.

Inheritances

Alphonse, Count of Poitiers and Toulouse, uncle of the newly crowned king Philip III, returning from the crusade, died childless in Italy on 21 August 1271. Philip inherited the counties from his uncle and united them to the Crown lands of France, the royal domain. His inheritance included a portion of Auvergne, then the Terre royale d'Auvergne, later the Duchy of Auvergne. In accordance with wishes of Alphonse, he granted the Comtat Venaissin to Blessed Pope Gregory X in 1274. This inheritance also included the Agenais. Several years of negotiations yielded the Treaty of Amiens (1279) with King Edward I of England, which restored this territory to the English.

Sicilian Vespers

King Philip III of France meanwhile supported policy of his uncle, King Charles I of Naples, Sicily, and Albania, in Italy.

King Peter III of Aragon and Valencia in 1282 triggered the Sicilian Vespers rebellion against King Charles I of Naples, Sicily, and Albania. The success of rebellion and invasion led to the coronation of Peter III of Aragon as king of Sicily therefore beginning the dynasty of the House of Barcelona in Sicily.

King Peter II of Aragon in 1205 put his realm under the suzerainty of the pope. Pope Martin IV excommunicated king Peter III of Aragon, the conqueror, and declared his kingdom forfeit.[4] The pope then granted Aragon to Charles, Count of Valois, son of Philip III, king of France.

Family matters

Joan I of Navarre, daughter of the deceased king Henry I of Navarre, reigned as queen regnant of Navarre. Philip IV of France, son of Philip III and heir to the French throne, took her as his wife in 1284 per the Treaty of Orl?ans signed by Philip III and Joan's mother, Blanche of Artois.

In 1284, Peter, Count of Perche and Alen?on, died without surviving children; therefore, his oldest living brother, Philip III, king of France, inherited his domains.

Aragonese Crusade and death

Philip III of France in 1284 responded to the Sicilian Vespers in support of his partially dethroned uncle. With his sons, the king entered Roussillon at the head of a large army on the ultimately unsuccessful Aragonese Crusade. The war took the name "crusade" from its papal sanction; nevertheless, one historian labelled it "perhaps the most unjust, unnecessary and calamitous enterprise ever undertaken by the Capetian monarchy.".[5] On 26 June 1285, Philip III the Bold entrenched himself before Girona in an attempt to besiege the city. Despite the strong resistance, the French took Girona on 7 September 1285.

Philip quickly experienced a reversal, however, as an epidemic of dysentery hit hard the French camp. The disease afflicted king Philip III personally. The French retreated, and the Aragonese enemy handily defeated the French at the Battle of the Col de Panissars on 1 October 1285.

Philip III died of dysentery in Perpignan, the capital of his ally James II of Majorca, on 5 October 1285. His son, Philip IV of France the Fair, succeeded him as king of France. The attempt of Philip to conquer Aragon nearly bankrupted the French monarchy, causing challenges for his successor.[6]

Following the Mos Teutonicus custom, his body was divided in several parts buried in different places : the flesh was sent to the Narbonne Cathedral, the entrails to La No? abbey in Normandy, his heart to the now-demolished church of the Couvent des Jacobins in Paris and his bones to Basilica of St Denis, at the time north of Paris.[7]
Miles
Marriage and children

On 28 May 1262, Philip married Isabella, daughter of King James I of Aragon and his second wife Yolande of Hungary.[9] They had the following children:

Louis (died May 1276). He was poisoned, possibly by orders of his stepmother.
Philip IV of France (1268 ? 29 November 1314), his successor, married Joan I of Navarre[10]
Robert (1269? 1271)
Charles, Count of Valois (12 March 1270 ? 16 December 1325),[11] Count of Valois from 1284, married first to Margaret of Anjou in 1290, second to Catherine I of Courtenay in 1302, and last to Mahaut of Chatillon in 1308
Stillborn son (1271)
After death of Queen Isabella, he married on 21 August 1274 Marie,[12] daughter of the late Henry III, Duke of Brabant, and Adelaide of Burgundy, Duchess of Brabant. Their children were:

Louis, Count of ?vreux (May 1276 ? 19 May 1319), Count of ?vreux from 1298,[11] married Margaret of Artois
Blanche of France, Duchess of Austria (1278 ? 19 March 1305, Vienna), married the duke, the future king Rudolf I of Bohemia and Poland, on 25 May 1300.[13]
Margaret of France, Queen of England (1282 ? 14 February 1318), married king Edward I of England on 8 September 1299

For notes, references and sources see: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_III_of_France


geni.com
Philippe 'le Hardi' de France, III
Spanish: Felipe III "El Atrevido" de France, Rey de Francia
Also Known As: "???? ????? III", "Phillip III", "The Bold", "Le Hardi", "El Atrevido", "King

Philippe married Marie DE BRABANT, Reine de France on 21 Aug 1274 in Vincennes, Val-de-Marne, ?le-de-France, France. Marie (daughter of Henry DE BRABANT, III and Ad?la?de DE BOURGOGNE) was born on 13 May 1256 in Leuven, Flemish Brabant, Belgium; died on 12 Jan 1322 in Meulan-en-Yvelines, Yvelines, ?le-de-France, France; was buried on 12 Jan 1321 in Paris, ?le-de-France, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: 2Z3H-71Z
• Name: Marie DE BRABANT
• TitleOfNobility: 24 Jun 1275, Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, ?le-de-France, France; Queen Consort of Fance

Notes:

Marie of Brabant (13 May 1254 ? 12 January 1322[1]) was Queen of France from 1274 until 1285 as the second wife of King Philip III. Born in Leuven, Brabant, she was a daughter of Henry III, Duke of Brabant, and Adelaide of Burgundy.[2]



Queen
Marie married the widowed Philip III of France on 21 August 1274.[3] His first wife, Isabella of Aragon, had already given birth to three surviving sons: Louis, Philip and Charles.

Philip was under the strong influence of his mother, Margaret of Provence, and his minion, surgeon and chamberlain (Chambellan) Pierre de La Broce. Not being French, Marie stood out at the French court. In 1276, Marie's stepson Louis died under suspicious circumstances. Marie was suspected of ordering him to be poisoned.[4] La Brosse, who was also suspected, was imprisoned and later executed for the murder.

Queen dowager
After the death of Philip III in 1285, Marie lost some of her political influence, and dedicated her life to their three children: Louis (May 1276 ? 19 May 1319), Blanche (1278 - 19 March 1305) and Margaret (died in 1318).[5] Her stepson Philip IV was crowned king of France on 6 January 1286 in Reims.

Together with Joan I of Navarre and Blanche of Artois, she negotiated peace in 1294 between England and France with Edmund Crouchback, the younger brother of Edward I of England.[6]

Marie lived through Philip IV's reign and she outlived her children. She died in 1322, aged 67, in the monastery at Les Mureaux, near Meulan, where she had withdrawn to in 1316. Marie was not buried in the royal necropolis of Basilica of Saint-Denis, but in the Cordeliers Convent, in Paris. Destroyed in a fire in 1580, the church was rebuilt in the following years.

Ancestry

Notes
Viard 1930, p. 362 note3.
Dunbabin 2011, p. xiv.
Bradbury 2007, p. 238.
Jordan 2009, p. 141.
Stanton 2001, p. 219.
Morris 2008, p. 267-268.
Sources
Bradbury, Jim (2007). The Capetians, Kings of France 987-1328. Hambledon Continuum.
Dunbabin, Jean (2011). The French in the Kingdom of Sicily, 1266? 1305. Cambridge University Press.
Jordan, William Chester (2009). A Tale of Two Monasteries: Westminster and Saint-Denis in the Thirteenth Century. Princeton University Press.
Morris, Marc (2008). Edward I and the Forging of Britain. Windmill Books.
Stanton, Anne Rudloff (2001). The Queen Mary Psalter: A Study of Affect and Audience. Volume 91 Part 6. American Philosophical Society.
Viard, Jules Marie ?douard (1930). Grandes Chroniques de France. Librairie Ancienne Honor? Champion.

Other Events:

• Affiliation: ; House of Plantagenet
• CAUSED BY DEA: Probably From Dysentery
• FamilySearch ID: LBYQ-Z26
• Name: Lackland
• _UID: 65CCDAABBD1F4C5CA4AF7F3CB2656D441068
• RULED: Between 1199 and 1216, King Of England
• ACCEDED: 27 May 1199, Westminster Abbey, London, Middlesex, England
• Coronation: 27 May 1199, Westminster Abbey
• Signed Magna Carta: 15 Jun 1215, England
• Interment: Oct 1216, Worcestershire, England; Worcester Cathedral

Notes:

John was born on Christmas Eve 1167. His parents drifted apart after his birth; his youth was divided between his eldest brother Henry's house, where he learned the art of knighthood, and the house of his father's justiciar, Ranulf Glanvil, where he learned the business of government. As the fourth child, inherited lands were not available to him, giving rise to his nickname, Lackland. His first marriage lasted but ten years and was fruitless, but his second wife, Isabella of Angouleme, bore him two sons and three daughters. He also had an illegitimate daughter, Joan, who married Llywelyn the Great, Ruler of All Wales, from which the Tudor line of monarchs was descended. The survival of the English government during John's reign is a testament to the reforms of his father, as John taxed the system socially, economically, and judicially.

The Angevin family feuds profoundly marked John. He and Richard clashed in 1184 following Richard's refusal to honor his father's wishes surrender Aquitane to John. The following year Henry II sent John to rule Ireland, but John alienated both the native Irish and the transplanted Anglo-Normans who emigrated to carve out new lordships for themselves; the experiment was a total failure and John returned home within six months. After Richard gained the throne in 1189, he gave John vast estates in an unsuccessful attempt to appease his younger brother. John failed to overthrow Richard's administrators during the German captivity and conspired with Philip II in another failed coup attempt. Upon Richard's release from captivity in 1194, John was forced to sue for pardon and he spent the next five years in his brother's shadow.

John's reign was troubled in many respects. A quarrel with the Church resulted in England being placed under an interdict in 1207, with John actually excommunicated two years later. The dispute centered on John's stubborn refusal to install the papal candidate, Stephen Langdon, as Archbishop of Canterbury; the issue was not resolved until John surrendered to the wishes of Pope Innocent III and paid tribute for England as the Pope's vassal.

John proved extremely unpopular with his subjects. In addition to the Irish debacle, he inflamed his French vassals by orchestrating the murder of his popular nephew, Arthur of Brittany. By spring 1205, he lost the last of his French possessions and returned to England. The final ten years of his reign were occupied with failed attempts to regain these territories. After levying a number of new taxes upon the barons to pay for his dismal campaigns, the discontented barons revolted, capturing London in May 1215. At Runnymeade in the following June, John succumbed to pressure from the barons, the Church, and the English people at-large, and signed the Magna Carta. The document, a declaration of feudal rights, stressed three points. First, the Church was free to make ecclesiastic appointments. Second, larger-than-normal amounts of money could only be collected with the consent of the king's feudal tenants. Third, no freeman was to be punished except within the context of common law. Magna Carta, although a testament to John's complete failure as monarch, was the forerunner of modern constitutions. John only signed the document as a means of buying time and his hesitance to implement its principles compelled the nobility to seek French assistance. The barons offered the throne to Philip II's son, Louis. John died in the midst of invasion from the French in the South and rebellion from his barons in the North.

John was remembered in elegant fashion by Sir Richard Baker in A Chronicle of the Kings of England: ". . .his works of piety were very many . . . as for his actions, he neither came to the crown by justice, nor held it with any honour, nor left it peace."

MAGNA CARTA
The Great Charter of English liberty granted (under considerable duress) by King John at Runnymede on June 15, 1215 John, by the grace of God King of England, Lord of Ireland, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, and Count of Anjou, to his archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, barons, justices, foresters, sheriffs, stewards, servants, and to all his officials and loyal subjects, greeting.

Know that before God, for the health of our soul and those of our ancestors and heirs, to the honour of God, the exaltation of the holy Church, and the better ordering of our kingdom, at the advice of our reverend fathers Stephen, archbishop of Canterbury, primate of all England, and cardinal of the holy Roman Church, Henry archbishop of Dublin, William bishop of London, Peter bishop of Winchester, Jocelin bishop of Bath and Glastonbury, Hugh bishop of Lincoln, Walter Bishop of Worcester, William bishop of Coventry, Benedict bishop of Rochester, Master Pandulf subdeacon and member of the papal household, Brother Aymeric master of the Knights of the Temple in England, William Marshal, earl of Pembroke, William earl of Salisbury, William earl of Warren, William earl of Arundel, Alan de Galloway constable of Scotland, Warin Fitz Gerald, Peter Fitz Herbert, Hubert de Burgh seneschal of Poitou, Hugh de Neville, Matthew Fitz Herbert, Thomas Basset, Alan Basset, Philip Daubeny, Robert de Roppeley, John Marshal, John Fitz Hugh, and other loyal subjects:


In French JEAN SANS TERRE king of England from 1199 to 1216. In a war with the French king Philip II, he lost Normandy and almost all his other possessions in France. In England, after a revolt of the barons, he was forced to seal the Magna Carta (1215).

From the Encyclopedia Britannica Online, article titled "John:"

"John's reputation, bad at his death, was further depressed by writers of the next generation. Of all centuries prior to the present, only the 16th, mindful of his quarrel with Rome, recognized some of his quality. He was suspicious, vengeful, and treacherous; Arthur I of Brittany was probably murdered in captivity, and Matilda de Braose, the wife of a recalcitrant Marcher baron, was starved to death with her son in a royal prison. But John was cultured and literate. Conventional in his religion rather than devout, he was remembered for his benefactions to the church of Coventry, to Reading Abbey, and to Worcester, where he was buried and where his effigy still survives. He was extraordinarily active, with a great love of hunting and a readiness to travel that gave him a knowledge of England matched by few other monarchs. He took a personal interest in judicial and financial administration, and his reign saw important advances at the Exchequer, in the administration of justice, in the importance of the privy seal and the royal household, in methods of taxation and military organization, and in the grant of chartered privileges to towns. If his character was unreliable, his political judgment was acute. In 1215 many barons, including some of the most distinguished, fought on his side."


"Lackland" refered to John's status as the youngest son, resulting in no significant inherited fiefs from his Father. His titles included King of Ireland 1177, Count of Mortain 1189, Earl of Gloucester. John succeeded his brother Richard I as King in 1199. In 1215 he put his seal on the Magna Carta (Great Charter). The Magna Carta is the foundation of English Constitutional law and liberties and placed the King, like the subjects he ruled, subject to the rule of law. He is Interred in Worcester Cathedral. "The Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages" Norman F. Cantor, General Editor.

AKA (2):
"Lackland"

John married D'angouleme Isabella DE TAILLEFER, Queen Of England on 24 Aug 1200 in Bordeaux, Gironde, France. Isabella (daughter of Count Of Valence & Angouleme Aymer DE TAILLEFER, Earl Of Glocester and Alice Alix DE COURTENAY) was born about 1180 in Angouleme, Charente-Maritime, France; died on 31 May 1246 in Fontrevrault, Marie-Et-Loire, France; was buried in Jun 1246 in Fontevrault-L'abbaye, Maine-Et-Loire, Pays De La Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• FamilySearch ID: MF7F-HQF
• RULED: Queen Of England
• Name: Isabelle D'ANGOUL?ME
• _UID: EC77270D07744B23B6702A2970558F237086
• ACCEDED: 8 Oct 1200, Westminster Abbey, London, Middlesex, England

Notes:

[John Howard, Duke.ged]

Taillefer, Isabelle of Angouleme, Queen of England -

She was betrothed to Hugh before she married John. After John's death she retired to her native city and eventually married Hugh after about 3 years. Countess of Angouleme 1202.

Issue

With King John of England, five children, all of whom survived into adulthood:

King Henry III of England (1 October 1207 ? 16 November 1272). Married Eleanor of Provence, by whom he had issue, including his heir, King Edward I of England.
Richard, Earl of Cornwall and King of the Romans (5 January 1209 ? 2 April 1272). Married firstly, Isabel Marshal, secondly, Sanchia of Provence, and thirdly, Beatrice of Falkenburg. Had issue.
Joan (22 July 1210 ? 1238), the wife of King Alexander II of Scotland. Her marriage was childless.
Isabella (1214? 1241), the wife of Emperor Frederick II, by whom she had issue.
Eleanor (1215? 1275), who would marry, firstly, William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, and secondly, Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, by whom she had issue.

With Hugh X of Lusignan, Count of La Marche: nine children, all of whom survived into adulthood:

Hugh XI of Lusignan (1221? 1250), Count of La Marche and Count of Angoul?me. Married Yolande de Dreux, Countess of Penthi?vre and of Porhoet, by whom he had issue.
Aymer of Lusignan (1222? 1260), Bishop of Winchester
Agn?s de Lusignan (1223? 1269). Married William II de Chauvigny (d. 1270), and had issue.
Alice of Lusignan (1224 ? 9 February 1256). Married John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey, by whom she had issue.
Guy of Lusignan (c. 1225 ? 1264), killed at the Battle of Lewes. (Tufton Beamish maintains that he escaped to France after the Battle of Lewes and died there in 1269.)
Geoffrey of Lusignan (c. 1226 ? 1274). Married in 1259 Jeanne, Viscountess of Ch?tellerault, by whom he had issue.
Isabella of Lusignan (c.1226/1227 ? 14 January 1299). Married, firstly, before 1244 Maurice IV, Seigneur de Craon (1224? 1250),[19] by whom she had issue; she married, secondly, Geoffrey de Rancon.[20]
William of Lusignan (c. 1228 ? 1296). First earl of Pembroke. Married Joan de Munchensi, by whom he had issue.
Marguerite de Lusignan (c. 1229 ? 1288). Married, firstly, in 1243 Raymond VII of Toulouse; secondly, c. 1246 Aimery IX de Thouars, Viscount of Thouars and had issue

Other Events:

• FamilySearch ID: GJRL-SYH
• _UID: 59480C533E6F438A8FB9C62513A697191635
• ACCEDED: 1209

Raymond married Countess Beatrice DE SAVOIE on 5 Jun 1219 in Chambbery, Savoie, France. Beatrice (daughter of Count Thomas DE MAURIENNE, Of Savoy and Beatrix Margaret FAUCIGNY, Of Geneva) was born about 1201 in Chambbery, Savoie, France; died in Dec 1266 in France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• FamilySearch ID: GJR2-KH8
• _UID: 27BB0CD3F17B485A88C2D740FD16827136D6

Notes:

Royalty for Commoners by Robert W. Stuart, Genealogical Publishing Co.,
Revised 2nd Edition, 1995:
Gen 93-26 - Beatrice of Savoy, Countess of Provence; b. 1198; d. Dec 1266; m. dec 1220, Raymond V Berenger, Count of Provence and Forcalquier.

Other Events:

• FamilySearch ID: LHWP-6YX
• Royal House: ; Capet
• Name: Saint
• King of France: Between 1226 and 1270
• Ordered the burning of The Talmud in Paris: 1243, Paris, ?le-de-France, France
• MilitaryService: 1258, Egypt; Led the Seventh Crusade
• 8th crusade: 24 Mar 1267
• MilitaryService: 1270, Tunis, Tunisia; Leader of the Eighth Crusade

Notes:

Louis IX, Roi de France was born on 25 April 1215 at Poissy, ?le-de-France, FranceG.3 He was the son of Louis VIII, Roi de France and Blanca de Castilla. He married Marguerite de Provence, daughter of Raimond Berengar V, Comte de Provence and Beatrice di Savoia, in 1234.4 He died on 25 August 1270 at age 55 at Tunis, Tunisia. He was buried at Saint-Denis, ?le-de-France.

He was a member of the House of Capet. Louis IX, Roi de France also went by the nick-name of Louis 'the Saint'.2 He succeeded as the Roi Louis IX de France in 1226.
Children of Louis IX, Roi de France and Marguerite de Provence

Blanche de France b. 1240, d. 1243
Isabelle de France b. 1242, d. 1271
Louis de France b. 1243, d. c 1260
Philippe III, Roi de France
b. 1 May 1245, d. 5 Oct 1285
Jean de France b. c 1247, d. 1248
Jean Tristan de France, Comte de Valois
b. 1250, d. 1270
Pierre de France, Comte d'Alen?on
b. 1251, d. 1283
Blanche de France b. 1253, d. 1300
Marguerite de France b. c 1255, d. 1271
Robert de France, Comte de Clermont
b. 1256, d. 1317
Agnes de France b. 1260, d. 1327

Louis married Marguerite DE PROVENCE, Reine de France on 27 May 1234 in Saint Etienne, Sens, Yonne, France. Marguerite was born in 1221 in Forcalqu ier, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, France; died on 21 Dec 1295 in Abbaye de Saint Marcel, Paris, Ile-de-France, France; was buried in Dec 1295 in Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, ?le-de-France, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: L8WY-WSB

Notes:

She was the Queen of France.

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• FamilySearch ID: LDZN-HVT

Henry married Ad?la?de DE BOURGOGNE. Ad?la?de was born in 1233 in Bourgogne, France; died on 23 Oct 1273 in Leuven, Brabant Flamand, Belgique; was buried after 23 Oct 1273 in Notre-Dame des Dominicains, Leuven, Brabant, Belgium. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• FamilySearch ID: LDZN-HLC