Duncan Mormaer Of MORAY

Other Events:

• _UID: BEF7D3A19A154747AF223F3B76201A1677FD

Other Events:

• _UID: 797F98EA2AEC4E128E62675AFDD448FDB744

Notes:

Duncan I (d. Aug. 1, 1040, near Elgin, Moray, Scot.), king of the Scots from 1034 to 1040. Duncan was the grandson of King Malcolm II (ruled 1005-34), who irregularly made him ruler of Strathclyde when that region was absorbed into the Scottish kingdom (probably shortly before 1034). Malcolm violated the established system of succession whereby the kingship alternated between two branches of the royal family. Upon Malcolm's death, Duncan succeeded peacefully, but he soon faced the rivalry of Macbeth, Mormaor (subking) of Moray, who probably had a better claim to the throne. Duncan besieged Durham unsuccessfully in 1039 and in the following year was murdered by Macbeth. Duncan's elder son later killed Macbeth and ruled as King Malcolm III Canmore (1058-93).

-----------------------------

The following information was given in a post-em by Curt Hofemann, [email protected]:

FWIW:

1034-1040: King of Scots [Ref: Tapsell p180, Weis AR7 170:20]
King of Scots [Ref: Moncreiffe p20]
1018-1034: King of Strathclyde [Ref: Paget p153]
1034: King of Scots [Ref: Paget p153]
1034: Duncan, the son of Crinan, abbot of Dunkeld, and Bethoc, daughter of Malcolm, the son of Kenneth, reigned six years [Ref: Weis AR 170:20]

1038 or 1039: Ealdred, Earl of Northumbria, invaded Strathclyde, perhaps in an attempt to wrest it from the Scots. Duncan responded in 1040 with an attack on Durham. Like his grandfather's attack in 1006, it ended in disaster, with Scottish forces fleeing, and Scottish heads decorating the Durham marketplace. This defeat seems to hae weakened his authority so severely that Macbeth of the Cenel Loairn was able to defeat and kill him in battle near Elgin [Ref: Davidson 1995]

Donnchad mac Cr?n?in (Duncan I), king of Scotland (Alba), 1034-1040. Duncan I succeeded his maternal grandfather Malcolm II as king in 1034, and was made famous in literature as the victim of Shakespeare's Macbeth, based on the historical king Mac Bethad mac Findl?ech, who killed Duncan in battle in 1040. [Ref: Henry Project]

Duncan I (c. 1010-1040). King of Scots (1034-40), succeeding his grandfather Malcolm II. At his accession Duncan was already king of Stratyclyde, which thus became united to Scotia. In 1040 Duncan unsuccessfully besieged Durham and was twice defeated by Thorfinn, earl of Orkney, before being killed by Macbeth. [Ref: Dict of Brit History]

Duncan, who was not a good old king but a headstrong young one, succeeded in 1034, but, having prejudiced his position by a failure against Durham (1039) was killed by his rival in 1040. [A History of Scotland by J.D. Mackie]

Malcolm II's grandson Duncan became King of Strathclyde, as one of a line of Scottish sub-Kings of the small neighboring kingdom. When Malcolm died in 1034, Duncan succeeded him, and thus the kingdoms of Scotia, Lothian and Strathclyde were at last united.

?Duncan was quite young, probably about thirty-three, when he succeeded his grandfather. At the time of his death in 1040 his two sons, Malcolm and Donald Ban (or Donaldbain), were small children.

Macbeth, who was slightly younger than his cousing the King, had, according to the rule of tanistry (any mature male of the royal kindred was eligible for the kingship if he were rigdomnae - 'the stuff of kings'), an equally good claim to the throne by right of birth, though Duncan had apparently succeeded as their grandfather's chosen heir. In 1040 Macbeth asserted his claim by force of arms, slew Duncan in battle and made himself king. [The Kings and Queens of Scotland]

Marriage to Sibyla, a relative of Earl Siward of Northumbria, provided Duncan's son Malcolm a valuable ally in his efforts to wrest the Scottish kingship from Macbeth [Ref: Davidson 1995]

Duncan, son of Bethoc or Beatrice, daughter of Malcolm II, succeeded his grandfather in the year 1033. "In the extreme north, dominions more extensive than any Jarl of the Orkneys had hitherto acquired, were united under the rule of Thorfinn, Sigurd's son, whose character and appearance have been thus described: - 'He was stout and strong, but very ugly, severe and cruel, but a very clever man'. The extensive districts then dependant upon the Moray Maormors were in possession of the celebrated Macbeth". Duncan, in 1033, desiring to extend his dominions southwards, attacked Durham, but was forced to retire with considerable loss. His principal struggles, however, were with his powerful kinsman, Thorfinn, whose success was so great that he extended his conquests as far as the Tay. "His men spread over the whole conquered country", says the Orkneyinga Saga, "and burnt every hamlet and farm, so that not a cot remained. Every man that they found they slew; but the old men and women fled to the deserts and woods, and filled the country with lamentation. Some were driven before the Norwegians and made slaves. After the Earl Thorfinn returned to his ships, subjugating the country everywhere in his progress". Duncan's last battle, in which he was defeated, was in the neighbourhood of Burghead, near the Moray Firth; and shortly after this, on the 14th August, 1040, he was assassinated in Bothgowanan, - which in Gaelic, is said to mean "the smith's hut", - by his kinsman the Maormor Macbeda or Macbeth. Duncan had reigned only five years when he was assassinated by Macbeth, leaving two infant sons, Malcolm and Donal, by a sister of Siward, the Earl of Northumberland. The former fled to Cumberland, and the latter took refuge in the Hebrides, on the death of their father. [Ref: 110 Electric Scotland]

Electric Scotand can be found at (URL may have changed):
http://www.electricscotland.com/index.htmhttp://www.electricscotland.com/i ndex.htm

Jim, should you require further definition of my refs, let me know & I will oblige.

Regards,
Curt

RULED:
1034-1040

Duncan married Sibyl (Suthen) BIORNSDOTTIR, Of Northumbria in 1030. Sibyl (daughter of Biorn ULFIUSSON, Jarl Of Denmark) was born about 1010 in Northumbria, England; died in 1040. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• Name: Sibyl SYWARDSDOTTIR
• _UID: 7CCB3D04405A44E3BB126405838067856E56

Notes:

Note: Turton's Plantagenet Ancestry has Sibyl as daughter of Sigurd, but I think it more likely she was his sister. The dates just seem entirely incompatible with her being born that late. Based on the e-mail from Betty Knoche, referring to the Mammoth Book on English Kings & Queens, by Mike Ashley, I am going to make her a sister (I have used slightly different dates, making her a younger sister).

----------------

The following e-mail from Betty Knoche, [email protected], gives a source who states that Sibyl was a sister (not daughter of Sigurd/Syward:

Hi Jim

You noted that you thought Sibyl was the sister of Sigurd rather than daughter.

According to British Kings et al, the comment is "Sybilla, sister (some records say dau.) of Siward, earl of Northumbria:..." I have a note that says Siward Biornsson was born abt 1020 with a sister born abt 1010 and they are the children of Biorn Ulsinsson, Earl in Denmark (born abt 975 in Roskilde, Denmark). I don't know if this helps or hinders!

Betty

------------------

The following was given in a post-em by Curt Hofemann, [email protected]:

Gerald Paget "The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales" p56 & 153 indicates that her father was Bjorn Bearsson & her brother was Siward Earl of Northumbria.

George Andrews Moriarty "The Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III and Queen Philippa" p30 indicates that Siward was her cousin.

Todd A Farmerie in a 23 Feb 2002 msg to SGM stated:
There is no contemporary or near-contemporary documentation of this (that Sybil FitzSiward was the wife of Duncan I MacCrinan). The best you get is Siward being called a kinsman of Malcolm, Duncan's son (likewise, the name Sybil in this context is not workable). If such a connection is true, I would think that the relationship was through Siward's wife.

Stewart Baldwin on the Henry Project webpage: http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/prov/suthe000.htm
identifies her as "Suthen" (Sybil certainly doesn?t sound Danish to me. Curt) & states:
Suthen's name is known only from one of the Scottish king lists ("Regnal List I"), which gives the name of the mother of Malcolm III in an interlined addition [KKES 284]. ESSH 1: 596 cites the late fourteenth century Scottish historian John of Fordun [iv, 44] as stating that Duncan had married a kinswoman of Siward of Northumbria. Given Siward's support of Malcolm, that is plausible enough, but there does not appear to be any justification for attempts to define a more specific relationship between Suthen and Siward.

Bibliography
ESSH = Alan Orr Anderson, Early Sources of Scottish History, 2 vols. (Edinburgh, 1922, reprinted Stamford, 1990). [Contains English translations of many of the primary records]

KKES = Marjorie Ogilvy Anderson, Kings and Kingship in Early Scotland (Edinburgh, Totowa, NJ, 1973).

Regards,
Curt

Other Events:

• Name: Crinan The THANE
• _UID: 3634A6F05EEA4BAA9449275D589A11B2536A

Notes:

Crinan; Lay Abbot of Dunkeld; married c1000 Bethoc, elder daughter of Malcolm II, and was killed 1045 in battle against Macbeth (the historic figure who murdered Crinan's elder son Duncan I, and subsequently is portrayed as having usurped the Scottish throne, most famously by Shakespeare), leaving (Maldred), with an elder son (Duncan I "The Gracious" King of Scots 1034-40; ancestor of the Sovereigns of England and later England, Ireland, Scotland, Great Britain, etc.). [Burke's Peerage]

---------------------------------------------------------

Crinan the Thane (Albanock, Grimus), of the kin of St. Columba, Lord of the Isles, Governor of Scots Island, Earl of Strathclye, hereditary Abbot of Dunkeld.

---------------------------------------------------------

The following additional information was given in a post-em by Curt Hofemann, [email protected]:

given name spelled: Cr?n?n [Ref: Henry Project]

Lay Abbot of Dunkeld, Governor of the Scots Islands [Ref: Weis AR7 170:19]
Heriditary Abbott of Dunkeld, or the Kindred of St. Columba [Ref: Royal Highness: Ancestors of the Royal Child by Sir Ian Moncreiffe, 1982, Hamish Hamilton, London Pg 20] note: "or the kindred of" = ? Either was or wasn't... Curt

In what was probably a shrewd political move, Malcolm II married his daughter Bethoc to a representative of the other major center of political power in Scotland, the church. Considering the close ties between ruling dynasties and the offices of major abbacies throughout Ireland and Scotland, it is also possible that Crinan was descended from a king of the Scots, which would completely legitimize his son's rule. [Ref: The Genealogy of the Early Medieval Scottish Kings, Edinburgh by Michael R. Davidson 1995, Holland House, Edinburgh, Scotland]

Malcolm's elder daughter Bethoc married Crinan 'the Thane', lay abbot of Dunkeld. At this period, when Celtic Monasticism was in decline, lay abbots appear to have been as accepted a part of the ecclesiastical structure as they became centuries later on the eve of the Reformation. Crinan was a great nobleman, as his title implies, and he possessed the added prestige of belonging to the kindred of St. Columba. It was from his abbacy of Dunkeld that the new royal House took its name, for Crinan and Bethoc were the parents of King Duncan I...Meanwhile, Macbeth consolidated his triumph by defeating and slaying Duncan's father, Crinan, in a battle at Dunkeld in 1045. [Ref: The Kings and Queens of Scotland] note: sorry, I sourced this early-on before I realized one also has to list author, publisher, date, etc.-we get too soon old & too late smart... Curt

Macbeth...probably a grandson of Malcolm II...asserted his claim to the throne against Duncan I, whom he killed near Elgin. In 1045 he killed Crinan, Duncan's father in battle, but in 1057 he was himself killed by Duncan's son, Malcolm Canmore (Malcolm III). [Ref: A Dictionary of British History by J.P. Kenyon, 1983 Stein and Day, Scarborough House, Briarcliff Manor, NY]

Research note: Supposed father: Since the abbacy of Dunkeld appears to have been hereditary in Cr?n?n's family (his grandson ?thelred held the title), it has sometimes been suggested that Cr?n?n may have been the son of this earlier abbot of Dunkeld whose death is known form both the Irish and Scottish sources [e.g., AU; ESSH 1: 471, 473, 577; KKES 252]. While the relationship is not impossible (assuming that Cr?n?n's father died when he was an infant), there is no known evidence to support it, and it cannot be accepted without further evidence [Ref: Henry Project citing:

AU = Se?n Mac Airt and Gear?id Mac Niocaill, The Annals of Ulster, Dublin, 1983
ESSH = Alan Orr Anderson, Early Sources of Scottish History, 2 vols. (Edinburgh, 1922, reprinted Stamford, 1990)
KKES = Marjorie Ogilvy Anderson, Kings and Kingship in Early Scotland (Edinburgh, Totowa, NJ, 1973)]

Jim, I recommend highly the Henry Project of which I've prevously supplied the URL. If you've not already, spend some time there. A most realistic scholarly work. He even debunks some connections common all over the internet & explains why. Quite a refreshing change from the normal junk genealogy that is these days prevalent. Not to condemn today's amateur genealogists - junk genealogy is not new - look at some of the earlier genealogies of the Habsburgs linking them back to the Old Testament (depending on which genalogist at the time, in different ways).

Regards,
Curt

Crinan married Bethoc (Beatrix) Princess Of SCOTLAND in 1000 in Scotland. Bethoc (daughter of Malcolm II Mackenneth King Of SCOTLAND and Hvarflad (Svanlaug) (Nereid) HLODVERSDATTER) was born about 984 in Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland; died in 1045 in Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• _UID: 57B4C335C593477886C59A5361A586B290E1
• Alt. Birth: Abt 984; Alt. Birth

Notes:

Relationship (J,M&L):
30th Great-grandparent

Titled:
Heiress of Scone

Alt. Birth:
Of, Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland

Other Events:

• Name: Biorn ESTRIDSEN
• _UID: 2344B1D5D035472F869FDAA33061C60C6D6E

Other Events:

• _UID: BD9813FFE83F49C5A6F325B2746B36FF20BA

Notes:

Commanded the Scottish left wing at the battle of Luncarty (c990) where the Danes were so crushingly defeated that their raids on that part of what subsequently became Perthshire, hitherto periodic and devastating, were terminated; had (Crinan), with two younger sons ((1) Grim, Thane (hereditary tenant of the Crown) of Strathearn (west of Perth) and Baille (functionary with judicial powers) of Dule, killed 1010 at Battle of Mortlach, where Malcolm II King of Scots defeated invading Norsemen; (2) Duncan, ancestor of the Irving's of Dumfries and Forbes Irvine's of Drum). [Burke's Peerage]

Other Events:

• Alt. Burial: Alt. Burial
• Name: Malcolm II Albany King Of SCOTLAND
• Name: Malcolm II Of ALBA
• _UID: CBD580F353824BD5AB7DCB6793D2EAFFB084
• Alt. Birth: Abt 958; Alt. Birth
• Alt. Death: 25 Nov 1034; Alt. Death

Notes:

Malcolm took advantage of the fact that the English were preoccupied with Danish raids and marched south, winning the Battle of Carham against the Angles in 1018 and thereby regaining Lothian. Thirteen years later King Canute invaded Scotland and forced Malcolm to submit to him. However, Canute seems to have recognized Malcolm's possession of Lothian.

After Malcolm II's reign, Scottish succession was based on the principle of direct descent. Previously, succession was determined by tanistry - during a king's lifetime an heir was chosen and known as "tanaiste rig" (second to the king).

Alt. Burial:
, Iona, Argyllshire, Scotland

Relationship (J,M&L):
32nd Great-grandparent

Titled:
King of Scotland

Alt. Birth:
, Scotland

Alt. Death:
, Glamis, Forfarshire, Scotland

Malcolm married Hvarflad (Svanlaug) (Nereid) HLODVERSDATTER about 983 in , Scotland. Hvarflad was born about 962 in Of, Orkney Islands, Scotland; died after 984. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• AFN: 9G83-RG
• Name: Aegifu
• Name: Hvarflad (Svanlaug) Hlodversdatter Of ORKNEY
• Name: Miss Orkney Queen Of SCOTLAND
• Name: ORKNEY
• _UID: C4DD3C48B7EE424F9C3FE0162ADFC4D8D138
• Alt. Birth: Abt 962; Alt. Birth
• Alt. Birth: Abt 962; Alt. Birth

Notes:

Source: lorenfamily.com

Alt. Birth:
, Scotland

Alt. Birth:
Scotland

Other Events:

• _UID: 672031D389E24C52B1BF9AF6A5F295915101