King Henry II PLANTAGENET

Other Events:

• FamilySearch ID: LYD7-TB9
• Name: Henri COMTE D'ANJOU
• Name: Henry II CURTMANTLE
• Occupation: ; King of England
• Residence: Abad?a de Fontevrault, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, , France
• _UID: 1732A7A23693403A840A0D5C65FAB2F5D278
• Knighted - by David, King of the Scots: 22 May 1149, Carlisle, Cumberland, England
• RULED: Between 1154 and 1189, King Of England
• ACCEDED: 19 Dec 1154, Westminster Abbey, London, Middlesex, England
• Coronation: 19 Dec 1154, Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England

Notes:

Henry was the first of the Plantagenets, the name coming from the fact that he was fond of wearing a spring of the broom-plant in his helmet.

From Enclopedia Britannica Online, article titled Henry II:

"by name HENRY OF ANJOU, HENRY PLANTAGENET, HENRY FITZEMPRESS, OR HENRY CURTMANTLE (SHORT MANTLE) duke of Normandy (from 1150), count of Anjou (from 1151), duke of Aquitaine (from 1152), and king of England (from 1154), who greatly expanded his Anglo-French domains and strengthened the royal administration in England. His quarrels with Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury, and with members of his family (his wife, Eleanor of Aquitaine, and such sons as Richard the Lion-Heart and John Lackland) ultimately brought about his defeat.

"Henry II lived in an age of biographers and letter writers of genius. John of Salisbury, Thomas Becket, Giraldus Cambrensis, Walter Map, Peter of Blois, and others knew him well and left their impressions. All agreed on his outstanding ability and striking personality and also recorded his errors and aspects of his character that appear contradictory, whereas modern historians agree upon the difficulty of reconciling its main features. Without deep religious or moral conviction, Henry nevertheless was
respected by three contemporary saints, Aelred of Rievaulx, Gilbert of Sempringham, and Hugh of Lincoln. Normally an approachable and faithful friend and master, he could behave with unreasonable inhumanity. His conduct and aims were always self-centred, but he was neither a tyrant nor an odious egoist. Both as man and ruler he lacked the stamp of greatness that marked Alfred the Great and William the Conqueror. He seemed also to lack wisdom and serenity; and he had no comprehensive view of the
country's interest, no ideals of kingship, no sympathetic care for his people. But if his reign is to be judged by its consequences for England, it undoubtedly stands high in importance, and Henry, as its mainspring, appears among the most notable of English kings." Henry II was Count of Anjou (1151-1189) whose family emblem was the 'plantegenet', a yellow flowering broom; Duke of Normandy (1151-1189); Duke of Aquitane (1152-1189) and as King of England (1154-1189), ruled an empire that stretched from the Tweed to the Pyrenees. He was the Founder of the Angevin, or Plantagenet, line. Henry was the first of fourteen hereditary kings, who were later referred to in the history oracles as Plantagenets. He is more commonly known as FitzEmpress, Henry II Curtmantle, King of England.
In spite of frequent hostilities with the French King, his own family and rebellious Barons (culminating in the great revolt of 1173-74) and his quarrel with Thomas Becket, Henry II maintained control over his possessions until shortly before his death.
Henry II's judicial and administrative reforms, which increased Royal control and influence at the expense of the Barons, were of great constitutional importance. Henry II Introduced trial by Jury.
Henry II, by marrying ELEANOR OF AQUITAINE immediately after her divorce from Louis VII, King of France, gained vast territories in France. Henry had lands reaching for 1000 miles, and it was this vast domain, which was called the Angevin Empire.
In 1153 he invaded England and forced STEPHEN to acknowledge him as his heir. As king he restored order to war-ravaged England, subdued the barons, centralized the power of government in royalty, and strengthened royal courts. Henry's desire to increase royal authority brought him into conflict with THOMAS ?A BECKET, whom he had made (1162) archbishop of Canterbury. The quarrel, which focused largely on the jurisdiction of the church courts, came to a head when Henry issued (1163) the Constitutions of CLARENDON, defining the relationship between church and state, and ended (1170) with Becket's murder, for which Henry was forced by public indignation to do penance. During his reign he gained northern counties from Scotland and increased his French holdings.
Henry II was also involved in family struggles. Encouraged by their mother and LOUIS VI of France, his three oldest sons, Henry, RICHARD I, and Geoffrey, rebelled (1173-74) against him. The rebellion collapsed, but at the time of Henry's death, Richard and the youngest son, JOHN, were in the course of another rebellion. He was unfortunate in love, relentlessly and romantically pursuing the hand of his wife, Eleanor, who became a selfish spoilt lady, and who turned her sons against their own father. Because of the rebellion by the eldest son, Henry was crushed, and Eleanor was placed under house arrest for fifteen years. The other brothers placed continual pressure on their father, in alliances with the King of France. Henry died a lonely and grief stricken man deserted by all of those he had loved and honored.

Contemporaries: Louis VII (King of France, 1137-1180), Thomas Beckett (Archbishop of Canterbury), Pope Adrian IV, Frederick I (Frederick Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor, 1152-1190)
Henry II, first of the Angevin kings, was one of the most effective of all England's monarchs. He came to the throne amid the anarchy of Stephen's reign and promptly collared his errant barons. He refined Norman government and created a capable, self-standing bureaucracy. His energy was equaled only by his ambition and intelligence. Henry survived wars, rebellion, and controversy to successfully rule one of the Middle Ages' most powerful kingdoms.

Henry was raised in the French province of Anjou and first visited England in 1142 to defend his mother's claim to the disputed throne of Stephen. His continental possessions were already vast before his coronation: He acquired Normandy and Anjou upon the death of his father in September 1151, and his French holdings more than doubled with his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitane (ex-wife of King Louis VII of France). In accordance with the Treaty of Wallingford, a succession agreement signed by Stephen and Matilda in 1153, Henry was crowned in October 1154. The continental empire ruled by Henry and his sons included the French counties of Brittany, Maine, Poitou, Touraine, Gascony, Anjou, Aquitane, and Normandy. Henry was technically a feudal vassal of the king of France but, in reality, owned more territory and was more powerful than his French lord. Although King John (Henry's son) lost most of the English holdings in France, English kings laid claim to the French throne until the fifteenth century. Henry also extended his territory in the British Isles in two significant ways. First, he retrieved Cumbria and Northumbria form Malcom IV of Scotland and settled the Anglo-Scot border in the North. Secondly, although his success with Welsh campaigns was limited, Henry invaded Ireland and secured an English presence on the island.

English and Norman barons in Stephen's reign manipulated feudal law to undermine royal authority; Henry instituted many reforms to weaken traditional feudal ties and strengthen his position. Unauthorized castles built during the previous reign were razed. Monetary payments replaced military service as the primary duty of vassals. The Exchequer was revitalized to enforce accurate record keeping and tax collection. Incompetent sheriffs were replaced and the authority of royal courts was expanded. Henry empowered a new social class of government clerks that stabilized procedure - the government could operate effectively in the king's absence and would subsequently prove sufficiently tenacious to survive the reign of incompetent kings. Henry's reforms allowed the emergence of a body of common law to replace the disparate customs of feudal and county courts. Jury trials were initiated to end the old Germanic trials by ordeal or battle. Henry's systematic approach to law provided a common basis for development of royal institutions throughout the entire realm.

The process of strengthening the royal courts, however, yielded an unexpected controversy. The church courts instituted by William the Conqueror became a safe haven for criminals of varying degree and ability, for one in fifty of the English population qualified as clerics. Henry wished to transfer sentencing in such cases to the royal courts, as church courts merely demoted clerics to laymen. Thomas Beckett, Henry's close friend and chancellor since 1155, was named Archbishop of Canterbury in June 1162 but distanced himself from Henry and vehemently opposed the weakening of church courts. Beckett fled England in 1164, but through the intervention of Pope Adrian IV (the lone English pope), returned in 1170. He greatly angered Henry by opposing the coronation of Prince Henry. Exasperated, Henry hastily and publicly conveyed his desire to be rid of the contentious Archbishop - four ambitious knights took the king at his word and murdered Beckett in his own cathedral on December 29, 1170. Henry endured a rather limited storm of protest over the incident and the controversy passed.

Henry's plans of dividing his myriad lands and titles evoked treachery from his sons. At the encouragement - and sometimes because of the treatment - of their mother, they rebelled against their father several times, often with Louis VII of France as their accomplice. The deaths of Henry the Young King in 1183 and Geoffrey in 1186 gave no respite from his children's rebellious nature; Richard, with the assistance of Philip II Augustus of France, attacked and defeated Henry on July 4, 1189 and forced him to accept a humiliating peace. Henry II died two days later, on July 6, 1189.

A few quotes from historic manuscripts shed a unique light on Henry, Eleanor, and their sons.
From Sir Winston Churchill Kt, 1675: "Henry II Plantagenet, the very first of that name and race, and the very greatest King that England ever knew, but withal the most unfortunate . . . his death being imputed to those only to whom himself had given life, his ungracious sons. . ."

From Sir Richard Baker, A Chronicle of the Kings of England: Concerning endowments of mind, he was of a spirit in the highest degree generous . . . His custom was to be always in action; for which cause, if he had no real wars, he would have feigned . . . To his children he was both indulgent and hard; for out of indulgence he caused his son henry to be crowned King in his own time; and out of hardness he caused his younger sons to rebel against him . . . He married Eleanor, daughter of William Duke of Guienne, late wife of Lewis the Seventh of France.

Family/Spouse: Ida DE TOSNY, Countess of Norfolk. Ida was born in 1156 in Norwich, Norfolk, England; died on 7 Mar 1226 in Framlingham, Suffolk, England; was buried in Mar 1226 in Body Lost Or Destroyed. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Rosamund DE CLIFFORD in Not Married. Rosamund was born about 1136 in Clifford Castle, Hay, Herefordshire, England; died about 1176 in Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England; was buried about 1176 in Godstow Nunnery, Wolvercote, Oxfordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Peter PLANTAGENET and died.
2. William DE LONGESPEE, Earl Of Salisbury was born about 1173 in Dunmow, Essex, England; died on 7 Mar 1225 in Canterbury, Kent, England; was buried in Cathedral, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England.

Family/Spouse: Annabel Concubine 3 BALLIOL. Annabel was born about 1153; died on 31 Mar 1204. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Morgan BLOET, Bishop of Durham was born in 1168 in Wales; died in 1217 in Fountain Abbey, Ripon, Yorkshire, England.

Henry married Queen Eleanor De AQUITAINE on 18 May 1152 in Bordeaux Cathedral, Bordeaux, France. Eleanor (daughter of Guillaume X Duke Of AQUITAINE, Poitou Guillaume and Elbeanor De CHATELLERAULT) was born in 1121-1122 in Chateau DE Belin, Bordeaux, Aquitaine; died on 31 Mar 1204 in Poitiers, Poitou, Aquitaine; was buried in Fontevraud Abbey, Maine-Et-Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Married:
They may have been married on the 11th of May.

1. Duke Of Brittany Geoffrey Of ENGLAND, Duke Of Brittany died in 1185.
2. Prince William PLANTAGENET, Of Poiters was born on 17 Aug 1153 in Rouen, Normandie, France; died about Apr 1156 in Willingford Castle, Reading, Berkshire, England; was buried in Reading Abbey, Reading, Berkshire, England.
3. Henry Prince Of ENGLAND was born on 28 Mar 1155 in Bermandsey Palace, London, England; died on 11 Jun 1183 in Chcateau DE Mortel, Turenne, Aquitaine; was buried in , Rouen, Normandie.
4. Princess Matilda PLANTAGENET, Of England was born in Jun 1156 in Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England; died on 28 Jun 1189 in Brunswick, Germany; was buried in Brunswick Cathedral, Brunswick, Germany.
5. King Richard I "The Lionhearted" Of PLANTAGENET, Of England was born on 8 Sep 1157 in Beaumont Palace, Oxfordshire, England; died on 6 Apr 1199 in Killed By Arrow In Battle, Chalus, Limousin, France; was buried in Fontevrault Abbey, Fontevrault, Maine-Et-Loire, France.
6. Duke Geoffrey PLANTAGENET, Of Brittany was born on 23 Sep 1158 in England; died on 19 Aug 1186 in Paris, France; was buried in Notre Dame, Paris, France.
7. Philip Prince Of ENGLAND was born about 1160 in Of, , , England; died about 1160-1162 in , Infant.
8. Queen Alianor "Eleanor" PLANTAGENET was born on 13 Oct 1162 in Domfront Castle, Normandy; was christened in in , Domfront, Normandie; died on 25 Oct 1214 in Las Huelgas, Burgos, Burgos, Spain; was buried in Abbey Of Las Huelgas, Burgos, Castile, Spain.
9. Princess Joan PLANTAGENET, Of Sicily was born in Oct 1165 in Angers Castle, Anjou, France; died on 4 Sep 1199 in Rouen, Normandie, France; was buried in Fontevraud, Anjou, England.
10. John "Lackland" King Of England PLANTAGENET was born on 24 Dec 1166 in Kings Manor House, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England; died on 19 Oct 1216 in Newark, Nottinghamshire, England; was buried in Cathedral, Worcester, Worcestershire, England.

Other Events:

• FamilySearch ID: 9HBT-X6S
• Name: Le Bon
• _UID: E35D5492E8104A0E86CB349DB6C840D1271E

Notes:

Plantagenet, surname, originally nickname, of the English royal house of Anjou or the Angevin dynasty, founded by Geoffrey IV, count of Anjou (1113-1151), husband of Matilda (1102-1167), daughter of King Henry I of England. The name is derived from the Latin planta ("sprig") and genista ("broom plant"), in reference to the sprig that Geoffrey always wore in his cap. Reigning from 1154 to 1485, the Plantagenet kings, in the main line of descent, were Henry II, Richard I, John, Henry III, Edward I, Edward II, Edward III, and Richard II; through the house of Lancaster, Henry IV, Henry V, and Henry VI; and through the house of York, Edward IV, Edward V, and Richard III.

Geoffrey married Emporess Maud Matilda ANGEVIN, Queen Of England on 22 May 1127 in , Le Mans, Sarthe, France. Maud (daughter of King Henry I Beauclerc Of Angevin ENGLAND, Of England and Princess Matilda "Atheling" CAENMOR, Of Scotland) was born on 5 Aug 1103 in London, Middlesexshire, England; died on 10 Sep 1169 in Notre Dame, Rouen, Seine-Maritime, France; was buried in Bec Abbey, Le Bec-Hellouin, Eure, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: 9CW3-3SK
• _UID: AFFDD381E24346B999BDF3FA274503885E10

Notes:

Ancestral File Number: 9FM0-NL

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• Name: The Young
• _UID: 737F83D6DE71448B8BBA125A789069CE5943

Notes:

Jerusalem, Latin Kingdom of, medieval Christian state comprising what is now Israel, as well as parts of Jordan and Lebanon, with its capital at Jerusalem. Established at the time of the First Crusade in 1099, it lasted until 1291. When Jerusalem was taken from the Muslims, on July 15, 1099, it became necessary for the Christian conquerors to establish some permanent rule for the Holy City and for such other conquests as Antioch (now Antakya, Turkey) and Edessa (now Sanliurfa, Turkey). They adopted the feudal system of government, the only system they knew well. The French nobleman Godfrey of Bouillon, one of the leaders of the Crusade, was chosen to govern the kingdom as baron and defender of the Holy Sepulchre. The succession thereafter was not elective but hereditary. When Godfrey died, in 1100, he was succeeded by his brother, Baldwin I, who took the title of king and ruled until 1118. He in turn was succeeded by his cousin, Baldwin II, who was followed by his son-in-law, Fulk V the Young, count of Anjou. Under Fulk the kingdom reached the highest point in its development; most of Syria was then also in the hands of the Christians. In 1187 Muslim forces under Sultan Saladin reconquered the city of Jerusalem, but the Latin Kingdom persisted. The Crusaders regained the city in 1228 under Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, who was crowned king of Jerusalem the following year. The Muslims retook Jerusalem in 1244 in the first of a series of victories for Islam that finally, with the reconquest of 'Akko in 1291, brought the Latin Kingdom to an end.

Foulq married Countess Ermengarde DU MAINE on 11 Jul 1110 in France. Ermengarde (daughter of Elias (Helie) Count Of MAINE and Matilde De CHATEAU DU LOIRE) was born about 1096 in Maine, France; died in 1126 in Maine, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• _UID: 15D8DB70D8964934904FE6F3691D557D33D0

Notes:

Ancestral File Number: 9HPW-2K

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• FamilySearch ID: 9CS3-646
• Name: Henry I
• TitleOfNobility: Between 1100 and 1135; King of England
• TitleOfNobility: Between 1106 and 1120; Duke of Normandy

Notes:

BIOGRAPHY: Reigned 1100-1135, Duke of Normandy 1106-1135. His reign is notable for important legal and administrative reforms, and for the final resolution of the investiture controversy. Abroad, he waged several campaigns in order to consolidate and expand his continental possessions. Was so hated by his brothers that they vowed to disinherit him. In 1106 he captured Robert and held him til he died. He proved to be a hard but just ruler. He apparently died from over eating Lampreys.

Henry I was born in the year 1068---a factor he himself regarded as highly significant, for he was the only son of the Conqueror born after the conquest of England, and to Henry this meant he was heir to the throne. He was not an attractive proposition: he was dissolute to a degree, producing at least a score of bastards; but far worse he was prone to sadistic cruelty---on one occasion, for example, personally punishing a rebellious burgher by throwing him from the walls of his town.

At the death of William the Conqueror, Henry was left no lands, merely 5,000 pounds of silver. With these he bought lands from his elder brother Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy, only to see them taken back again a few years later by Robert, in unholy alliance with his brother William Rufus.

Henry could do little to avenge such treatment, but in England he found numerous barons who were tired of the exactions and ambitions of their king. He formed alliances with some of these, notably with the important de Clare family. He and some of the de Clares were with William Rufus on his last hunting expedition, and it is thought that the king's death was the result of Henry's plotting.

Certainly he moved fast to take advantage of it; leaving Rufus's body unattended in the woods, he swooped down on Winchester to take control of the treasury. Two days later he was in Westminster, being crowned by the Bishop of London. His speed is understandable when one realises that his elder brother, Robert [Curthose], was returning from the crusade, and claimed, with good reason, to be the true heir.

Henry showed great good sense in his first actions as King. He arrested Ranulph Flambard, William's tax-gatherer, and recalled Anselm, the exiled Archbishop. Furthermore, he issued a Charter of Liberties which promised speedy redress of grievances, and a return to the good government of the Conqueror. Putting aside for the moment his many mistresses, he married the sister of the King of Scots, who was descended from the royal line of Wessex; and lest the Norman barons should think him too pro-English in this action, he changed her name from Edith to Matilda. No one could claim that he did not aim to please.

In 1101 Robert Curthose invaded, but Henry met him at Alton, and persuaded him to go away again by promising him an annuity of ?2,000. He had no intention of keeping up the payments, but the problem was temporarily solved.

He now felt strong enough to move against dissident barons who might give trouble in the future. Chief amongst these was the vicious Robert of Bell?me, Earl of Shrewsbury, whom Henry had known for many years as a dangerous troublemaker. He set up a number of charges against him in the king's court, making it plain that if he appeared for trial he would be convicted and imprisoned. Thus Robert and his colleagues were forced into rebellion at a time not of their own choosing, were easily defeated and sent scuttling back to Normandy.

In Normandy Robert Curthose began to wreak his wrath on all connected with his brother, thus giving Henry an excellent chance to retaliate with charges of misgovernment and invade. He made two expeditions in 1104-5, before the great expedition of 1106 on which Robert was defeated at the hour-long battle of Tinchebrai, on the anniversary of Hastings. No one had expected such an easy victory, but Henry took advantage of the state of shock resulting from the battle to annex Normandy. Robert was imprisoned (in some comfort, it be said); he lived on for 28 more years, ending up in Cardiff castle whiling away the long hours learning Welsh. His son William Clito remained a free agent, to plague Henry for most of the rest of his reign.

In England the struggle with Anselm over the homage of bishops ran its course until the settlement of 1107. In matters of secular government life was more simple: Henry had found a brilliant administrator, Roger of Salisbury, to act as Justiciar for him. Roger had an inventive mind, a keen grasp of affairs, and the ability to single out young men of promise. He quickly built up a highly efficient team of administrators, and established new routines and forms of organisation within which they could work. To him we owe the Exchequer and its recording system of the Pipe Rolls, the circuits of royal justiciars spreading the king's peace, and the attempts at codification of law. Henry's good relationships with his barons, and with the burgeoning new towns owed much to skilful administration. Certainly he was able to gain a larger and more reliable revenue this way than by the crude extortion his brother had used.

In 1120 came the tragedy of the White Ship. The court was returning to England, and the finest ship in the land was filled with its young men, including Henry's son and heir William. Riotously drunk, they tried to go faster and faster, when suddenly the ship foundered. All hands except a butcher of Rouen were lost, and England was without an heir.

Henry's only legitimate child was Matilda, but she was married to the Emperor Henry V of Germany, and so could not succeed. But in 1125 her husband died, and Henry brought her home and forced the barons to swear fealty to her---though they did not like the prospect of a woman ruler. Henry then married her to Geoffrey of Anjou, the Normans' traditional enemy, and the barons were less happy---especially when the newly-weds had a terrible row, and Geoffrey ordered her out of his lands. In 1131 Henry, absolutely determined, forced the barons to swear fealty once more, and the fact that they did so is testimoney of his controlling power. Matilda and Geoffrey were reunited, and in 1133 she produced a son whom she named for his grandfather. If only Henry could live on until his grandson was old enough to rule, all would be well.

But in 1135, against doctor's orders, he ate a hearty meal of lampreys, got acute indigestion, which turned into fever, and died. He was buried at his abbey in Reading---some said in a silver coffin, for which there was an unsuccessful search at the Dissolution. [Source: Who's Who in the Middle Ages, John Fines, Barnes & Noble Books, New York, 1995]

Henry married Princess Matilda "Atheling" CAENMOR, Of Scotland on 11 Nov 1100 in Westminster Abbey, London, Middlesex, England. Matilda (daughter of King Malcolm "Longneck" III CAENMOR, Scotland and Margaret "Atheling" Queen Of SCOTLAND, Qn Of Scotland) was born about 1079-1080 in Dunfermline Abbey, Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland; died on 1 May 1118 in Westminster, London, Middlesex, England; was buried in Jun 1118 in Church Of St Peter, Westminster, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• Affiliation: ; House of Dunkeld
• FamilySearch ID: LY6J-G8R
• Name: Atheling
• Name: Eadgyth OF SCOTLAND
• Name: Edith of Scotland QUEEN MATILDA
• Name: Good Queen Maud
• _UID: CF20ECC5DBDD4F96A84B472DFAEEE689FBB7
• Betrothed at age 13 to Alan Rufus: 1093; Edith's parents betrothed her to Alan Rufus in early 1093. In November on 1093 both of her parents died, before the marriage took place, and Alan ran off with Gunhild of Wessex, daughter of Harold Godwinson. As fate would have it Alan died before that mar
• Orphaned: Nov 1093; Both of Edith's parents died in November 1093, within 3 days of each other. Orphaned, abandoned by her betrothed, and her family at war with each other, Edith left the monastery and did not return.
• Princess Edith of Scotland became Queen Matilda of England: 11 Nov 1100, Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England; Christened Edith in 1080, she use used the name Edith for the first 20 years of her life. Upon her marriage to King Henry she was crowned Queen and in the investiture ceremony took the Norman name of Matilda.
• TitleOfNobility: 11 Nov 1100, Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England; Queen consort of England
• After Her Husband Drowned: Abt 1121, Fontevrault Abbey, France; Became A Nun

Notes:

Ancestral File Number: 8XJ0-JL

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• Occupation: Count of Anjou
• _UID: 1701436ED921477298CB9915ACED4B1F9096
• Alt. Birth: 1043, Anjou, France; Alt. Birth
• Alt. Birth: 1043, Of Anjou, France; Alt. Birth
• Alt. Death: 14 Apr 1109, Anjou, France; Alt. Death
• Alt. Death: 14 Apr 1109, Of Anjou, France; Alt. Death

Notes:

Count of Anjou

Fulk married Bertrade DE MONTFORT in 1089 in France. Bertrade (daughter of Simon I OF MONTFORT and Aqnaes D'EVREUX) was born about 1059 in Of Montfort Amaury, Lle DE France, France; died on 14 Feb 1117 in Fontrevrault, Marie-Et-Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• _UID: 1CE5DBF33C284D7FB38C28E40B6EB17AEE9F

Notes:

Ancestral File Number: 9HPV-WQ

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• _UID: 75A6FFC08D35472E90C0001F8FEEC5FABCE8

Notes:

Ancestral File Number: 9HM4-3C

Elias married Matilde De CHATEAU DU LOIRE before 1092 in France. Matilde was born about 1055 in Of, Chateau Du Loire, , France; died in 1099. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• _UID: FE01043CCD644923B9EACC47E898989A44BB

Notes:

Ancestral File Number: 9HM4-4J

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• Affiliation: ; House of Normandy
• Alt. Burial: Alt. Burial
• Alt. Death: Alt. Death
• Cause of Death: ; killed near Rouen, France by his plunging horse while quelling revolt. Fatal fall from a horse, died of a burst bowel. While jumping a trench on horseback, his stomach was forced onto the pommel.
• FamilySearch ID: 9H17-VTZ
• TitleOfNobility: ; I King of England Duke of Normandy William the Conqueror
• Name: Guillaume I "Le Conquerant" De NORMANDIE
• Name: The Conqueror
• Name: William 'THE CONQUEROR'
• Name: William I "The Conqueror" King Of ENGLAND
• Name: William I "The Conqueror" Of NORMANDY
• Name: William the Bastard
• Residence: Saint-?tienne de Caen, France
• _UID: 7F18D931CDD74ADAB21837E499799B837E98
• Alt. Birth: 14 Oct 1024; Alt. Birth
• TitleOfNobility: Between 1035 and 1087; Duke Of Normandy
• MilitaryService: 14 Oct 1066, Sussex, England; Commander of the Norman Army at the Battle of Hastings
• Coronation: 25 Dec 1066, Westminster, Middlesex, England

Notes:

William I (of England), called The Conqueror (1024-1087), first Norman king of England (1066-1087), who has been called one of the first modern kings and is generally regarded as one of the outstanding figures in western European history. Born in Falaise, France, William was the illegitimate son of Robert I, duke of Normandy, and Arletta, a tanner's daughter, and is therefore sometimes called William the Bastard. Upon the death of his father, the Norman nobles, honoring their promise to Robert, accepted William as his successor. Rebellion against the young duke broke out almost immediately, however, and his position did not become secure until 1047 when, with the aid of Henry I, king of France, he won a decisive victory over a rebel force near Caen. During a visit in 1051 to his childless cousin, Edward the Confessor, king of England, William is said to have obtained Edward's agreement that he should succeed to the English throne. In 1053, defying a papal ban, William married Matilda of Flanders, daughter of Baldwin V, count of Flanders and a descendant of King Alfred the Great, thereby strengthening his claim to the crown of England. Henry I, fearing the strong bond between Normandy (Normandie) and Flanders resulting from the marriage, attempted in 1054 and again in 1058 to crush the powerful duke, but on both occasions William defeated the French king's forces. About 1064, the powerful English noble, Harold, earl of Wessex, was shipwrecked on the Norman coast and taken prisoner by William. He secured his release by swearing to support William's claim to the English throne. When King Edward died, however, the witenagemot (royal council) elected Harold king. Determined to make good his claim, William secured the sanction of Pope Alexander II for a Norman invasion of England. The duke and his army landed at Pevensey on September 28, 1066. On October 14, the Normans defeated the English forces at the celebrated Battle of Hastings, in which Harold was slain. William then proceeded to London, crushing the resistance he encountered on the way. On Christmas Day he was crowned king of England in Westminster Abbey. The English did not accept foreign rule without a struggle. William met the opposition, which was particularly violent in the north and west, with strong measures; he was responsible for the devastation of great areas of the country, particularly in Yorkshire, where Danish forces had arrived to aid the Saxon rebels. By 1070 the Norman conquest of England was complete. William invaded Scotland in 1072 and forced the Scottish king Malcolm III MacDuncan to pay him homage. During the succeeding years the Conqueror crushed insurrections among his Norman followers, including that incited in 1075 by Ralph de Guader, 1st earl of Norfolk, and Roger Fitzwilliam, earl of Hereford, and a series of uprisings in Normandy led by his eldest son Robert, who later became Robert II, duke of Normandy.

BIOGRAPHY: Acceded: 25 Dec 1066 Reigned 1066-1087. Duke of Normandy 1035-1087. Invaded England defeated and killed his rival Harold at the Battle of Hastings and became King. The Norman conquest of England was completed by 1072 aided by the establishment of feaudalism under which his followers were granted land in return for pledges of service and loyalty. As King William was noted for his efficient if harsh rule. His administration relied upon Norman and other foreign personnell especially Lanfranc Archbishop of Canterbury. In 1085 started Domesday Book.

William I (c. 1028 ? 9 September 1087), usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard, was the first Norman monarch of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087. By 1060, following a long struggle to establish his throne, his hold on Normandy was secure. In 1066, following the death of Edward the Confessor, William invaded England, leading an army of Normans to victory over the Anglo-Saxon forces of Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings, and suppressed subsequent English revolts in what has become known as the Norman Conquest. The rest of his life was marked by struggles to consolidate his hold over England and his continental lands, and by difficulties with his eldest son, Robert Curthose.

William was the son of the unmarried Duke Robert I of Normandy and his mistress Herleva. His illegitimate status and his youth caused some difficulties for him after he succeeded his father, as did the anarchy which plagued the first years of his rule. During his childhood and adolescence, members of the Norman aristocracy battled each other, both for control of the child duke, and for their own ends. In 1047, William was able to quash a rebellion and begin to establish his authority over the duchy, a process that was not complete until about 1060. His marriage in the 1050s to Matilda of Flanders provided him with a powerful ally in the neighbouring county of Flanders. By the time of his marriage, William was able to arrange the appointment of his supporters as bishops and abbots in the Norman church. His consolidation of power allowed him to expand his horizons, and he secured control of the neighbouring county of Maine by 1062.
In the 1050s and early 1060s, William became a contender for the throne of England held by the childless Edward the Confessor, his first cousin once removed. There were other potential claimants, including the powerful English earl Harold Godwinson, whom Edward named as king on his deathbed in January 1066. Arguing that Edward had previously promised the throne to him and that Harold had sworn to support his claim, William built a large fleet and invaded England in September 1066. He decisively defeated and killed Harold at the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066. After further military efforts, William was crowned king on Christmas Day, 1066, in London. He made arrangements for the governance of England in early 1067 before returning to Normandy. Several unsuccessful rebellions followed, but William's hold was mostly secure on England by 1075, allowing him to spend the majority of his reign in continental Europe.

William's final years were marked by difficulties in his continental domains, troubles with his son, Robert, and threatened invasions of England by the Danes. In 1086, he ordered the compilation of the Domesday Book, a survey listing all the land-holdings in England along with their pre-Conquest and current holders. He died in September 1087 while leading a campaign in northern France, and was buried in Caen. His reign in England was marked by the construction of castles, settling a new Norman nobility on the land, and change in the composition of the English clergy. He did not try to integrate his various domains into one empire but continued to administer each part separately. His lands were divided after his death: Normandy went to Robert, and England went to his second surviving son, William Rufus.
...
One factor in William's favour was his marriage to Matilda of Flanders, the daughter of Count Baldwin V of Flanders. The union was arranged in 1049, but Pope Leo IX forbade the marriage at the Council of Rheims in October 1049. The marriage nevertheless went ahead some time in the early 1050s, possibly unsanctioned by the pope.
...
Family and children
William and his wife Matilda had at least nine children. The birth order of the sons is clear, but no source gives the relative order of birth of the daughters.

1. Robert was born between 1051 and 1054, died 10 February 1134. Duke of Normandy, married Sybilla, daughter of Geoffrey, Count of Conversano.
2. Richard was born before 1056, died around 1075.
3. William was born between 1056 and 1060, died 2 August 1100. King of England, killed in the New Forest.
4. Henry was born in late 1068, died 1 December 1135. King of England, married Edith, daughter of Malcolm III of Scotland. His second wife was Adeliza of Louvain.
5. Adeliza (or Adelida, Adelaide) died before 1113, reportedly betrothed to Harold Godwinson, probably a nun of Saint L?ger at Pr?aux.
6. Cecilia (or Cecily) was born before 1066, died 1127, Abbess of Holy Trinity, Caen.
7. Matilda was born around 1061, died perhaps about 1086. Mentioned in Domesday Book as a daughter of William.
8. Constance died 1090, married Alan IV, Duke of Brittany.
9. Adela died 1137, married Stephen, Count of Blois.
10. (Possibly) Agatha, the betrothed of Alfonso VI of Le?n and Castile.

There is no evidence of any illegitimate children born to William.

Death
William led an expedition against the French Vexin in July 1087. While seizing Mantes, William either fell ill or was injured by the pommel of his saddle. He was taken to the priory of Saint Gervase at Rouen, where he died on 9 September 1087.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_the_Conqueror

Also substantiated by "The White Ship" by Charles Spencer, published 2020, pg 30-31.

PONS (-[before Oct 1066]). No information is known about Pons other than his name, which appears in the patronymics attributed to his five sons. It is assumed that he lived in Normandy. His absence from the Norman primary sources which have so far been consulted in the preparation of this document suggests that he was of lowly birth. His absence from English records suggests that he died before the Norman invasion in England in 1066. m ---. The name of Pons?s wife is not known. Pons & his wife had [six] children:
Walter
Drogo
Richard
Simon
Osbern
High
From Geni.com




Alt. Burial:
Abbaye de St Etienne, Caen, Normandie

Alt. Death:
Hermenbraville, Rouen, Normandie

Titled:
King of England

Titled:
Duke of Normandy

Unknown-Begin:
1066-1087

Alt. Birth:
Falaise, Normandie

William married Countess Matilda LE CHAUVRE, Queen Of England in 1050 in Castle Of, Angi, Normandy, France. Matilda (daughter of Count Baldwin (Baudouin) V FLANDERS and Princess Adele (Alix) De FRANCE) was born on 24 Nov 1031 in Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France; died on 2 Nov 1083 in Caen, Calvados, France; was buried in Eglise DE La Sainte Trinitbe, Caen, Normandie. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• Clan: ; House of Flanders (father); House of Capet (mother)
• FamilySearch ID: LY57-55F
• Royal House: ; Capet (by her mother)
• Name: DE NORMANDIE
• Name: Matilda OF FLANDERS
• Religion: ; Roman Catholic
• _UID: 2D374016C68B4B67AD95FF19CA325F70E253
• Title: Between 1066 and 1083; Queen of England
• Title (Nobility): Between 1066 and 1083; Queen Consort of England
• ACCEDED: 11 May 1068, Winchester Cathedral, London, England
• Coronation: 11 May 1068, Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England
• Alt. Burial: 3 Nov 1083, Caen, Calvados, Basse-Normandie, France

Notes:

MATHILDE de Flandre ([1032]-Caen 2 Nov 1083, bur Caen, Abbey of Holy Trinity). The Genealogica Comitum Flandri? Bertiniana names (in order) "Balduinum Haanoniensem, et Robdbertum cognomento postea Iherosolimitanum, et Matilde uxorem Guillelmi regis Anglorum" as the children of "Balduinum Insulanum [et] Adelam"[256]. Her parentage is also stated by Orderic Vitalis[257]. Florence of Worcester records that "comitissa Mahtilda de Normannia" came to England 23 Mar [1068] and was crowned "die Pentecostes [11 May]" by Aldred Archbishop of York[258]. Orderic Vitalis also records that she was crowned queen of England 11 May 1068[259], presumably at Westminster Abbey or Winchester Cathedral although this appears to be unrecorded. Queen Matilda acted as regent in Normandy during her husband's absences in England. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "IV Non Nov" of "Matildis Anglorum regina"[260]. Guillaume de Jumi?ges records the burial of Queen Mathilde on 3 Nov 1081 at Holy Trinity, Caen[261]. Florence of Worcester records the death "IV Non Nov" in [1083] of "regina Mahtilda" in Normandy and her burial at Caen[262]. m (Eu, Cathedral of Notre Dame [1050/52]) GUILLAUME II Duke of Normandy, illegitimate son of ROBERT "le Diable" Duke of Normandy & his mistress Arlette --- (Ch?teau de Falaise, Normandy [1027/8]-Rouen, Priory of St Gervais 9 Sep 1087, bur Caen, Abbey of St Etienne). He succeeded in 1066 as WILLIAM I "the Conqueror" King of England. King William I & his wife had ten children

Notes:

Alt. Marriage:
Eu, Seine-Inferieure, France

Other Events:

• Affiliation: ; House of Dunkeld
• FamilySearch ID: KN4J-P1M
• Name: Longneck
• Name: M?el Coluim MAC DONNCHADA
• Residence: Edinburgh, Scotland; Edinburgh Castle
• _UID: 3FDE1352160A46E6B7D36D4161BABB1BF701
• Military Command: 27 Jul 1054, Dunsinnan Hill, Perth, Scotland
• CREDITED WITH KILLING MACBETH: 15 Aug 1057, Lumphanan, Aberdeenshire, Scotland; Fighting alongside the English, for Edward the Confessor, Malcolm defeated and killed Macbeth at the battle at Lumphanan.
• Killed LULACH AND RETOOK THRONE OF SCOTLAND: 23 Apr 1058, Huntly, Aberdeenshire, Scotland; Malcolm killed Lulach 'by treachery' on 23 April 1058 near Huntly and took back the throne that had been taken from his family in 1040
• 35 YEAR REIGN AS KING OF SCOTS: Between 25 Apr 1058 and 13 Nov 1093
• Alt. Burial: 1093, Dunfermline Abbey, Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland
• DIED IN THE BATTLE OF ALNWICK: 13 Nov 1093, Alnwick Castle, Northumberland, England; Malcolm led an army into Northumbria and besieged Alnwick in November 1093, Robert de Mowbray, the English Earl of Northumbria, rallied his forces and caught the Scots off guard. Malcolm and his heir Edward were both killed in the battle.

Notes:

Cause of death was Slain while besieging Alnwick Castle.

Malcolm III, also M?el Coluim mac Donnchada and Malcolm Canmore, was King of Scots from 1058 to 1093. He was later nicknamed "Ceannard m?" (Gaelic for "Great Chief"). Malcolm reigned 35 years. His kingdom did not extend over the full territory of modern Scotland: the north and west remained under Scandinavian rule. Malcolm III fought a series of wars against the Kingdom of England that did not result in any significant advances southward.
Malcolm's primary achievement was to continue a lineage that ruled Scotland for many years, and as founder of a dynasty.
Henry I of England and Eustace III of Boulogne were his sons-in-law, making him the maternal grandfather of Empress Matilda, William Adelin and Matilda of Boulogne. All three of them were prominent in English politics during the 12th century. In Scotland Malcolm fathered 4 kings: King Duncan II, King Edgar the Valiant, King Alexander I, and King David I.
Malcolm's 2nd wife, St. Margaret of Scotland, is Scotland's only royal saint. Malcolm himself had no reputation for piety; He is not associated with major ecclesiastical reforms or religious establishments, with the notable exception of Dunfermline Abbey in Fife.
Malcolm's father Duncan I became king in late 1034, on the death of Malcolm II, Duncan's maternal grandfather and Malcolm's great-grandfather. Malcolm's mother was named Sybil or Suthen. According to John of Fordun, whose account is the original source of William Shakespeare's Macbeth, Malcolm's mother was a niece of Siward, Earl of Northumbria, but an earlier king-list gives her the Gaelic name Suthen. Other sources claim that either a daughter or niece would have been too young to fit the timeline, thus she was likely Siward's own sister Sybil, which may have translated into Gaelic as Suthen.
King Duncan was killed on 15 August 1040 in battle against Macbeth and the men of Moray. Malcolm and his brother Donalbane were young children and were sent away for greater safety? exactly where is the subject of debate. One version says Malcolm (aged about nine) was sent to England, and his younger brother Donalbane was sent to the Isles. Based on Fordun's account, it was assumed that Malcolm passed most of Macbeth's seventeen-year reign in the Kingdom of England at the court of Edward the Confessor. An alternative version says Malcolm's mother took both sons into exile at the court of Thorfinn Sigurdsson, Earl of Orkney, an enemy of Macbeth's family, and Malcolm's 1st cousin once removed.
In 1045 Malcolm's family attempted to overthrow Macbeth and Malcolm's grandfather Cr?n?n of Dunkeld was killed in the attempt.
Macbeth died on 15 August 1057 at Lumphanan in Aberdeenshire, reportedly at Malcolm's hand, and was succeeded by his stepson Lulach. Lulach was killed by Malcolm on 23 April 1058 near Huntly "by treachery". Malcolm was inaugurated king 2 days later, on 25 April 1058.

Orderic Vitalis says one of Malcolm's earliest actions as king was to travel to the court of Edward the Confessor in 1059 to arrange a marriage with Edward's kinswoman Margaret, who had arrived in England two years before from Hungary. If a marriage agreement was made in 1059, it was not kept, and this may explain the Scots invasion of Northumbria in 1061 when Lindisfarne was plundered.
Instead Malcolm married Ingibiorg Finnsdottir, widow of Thorfinn Sigurdsson, Earl of Orkney, and daughter of Earl Finn Arnesson and Bergljot Halvdansdottir. Malcolm and Thorfinn were kinsmen, both decendants of Malcolm II, and it is believed Malcolm spent part or all of MacBeth's reign at Thorfinn's court, so Malcolm and Ingibiorg would have known each other for years. Additionally, there is some circumstantial evidence that Ingibiorg may have backed Malcolm's claim to the kingship.
Malcolm's marriage to Ingibiorg secured him peace in the north and west, the Earldom of Orkney was ruled jointly by his stepsons, Paul and Erlend Thorfinnsson (who were also his 2nd cousins).
Malcolm and Ingibiorg had three sons:
- Duncan II of Scotland, succeeded his father as King of Scotland
- Donald, died ca. 1094
- Malcolm, died ca. 1085
Ingibiorg is believed to have died around 1069, but possibly sooner. After her death Malcolm married a 2nd time to Margaret, daughter of Edward the Exile and his wife Agatha of Hungary. Margaret was born in Hungary and came to England with her parents in 1057. Her father was the son of King Edmund Ironside and was intended to succeed King Edward the Confessor. Unfortunately, he died within days of arriving in England. Margaret and her family lived with Edward the Confessor at the English court from 1057 until his death in 1066. After William the Conqueror took the throne of England the family fled and were shipwrecked in Scotland. There they found refuge with King Malcolm. Malcolm and Margaret married about 1069/1070. Together they had 8 children:
- Edward (c. 1071 ? 13 November 1093), killed along with his father in the Battle of Alnwick
- Edmund of Scotland (c.1071 ? post 1097)
- Ethelred of Scotland, Abbot of Dunkeld, Perth and Kinross, Scotland
- Edgar of Scotland (c.1074 ? 11 January 1107), King of Scotland, reigned 1097? 1107
- Alexander I of Scotland (c.1078 ? 23 April 1124), King of Scotland, reigned 1107? 24
- Edith of Scotland (c. 1080 ? 1118), AKA "Matilda", married King Henry I of England, Queen Consort of England
- Mary of Scotland (1082? 1116), married Eustace III of Boulogne
- David I of Scotland (c.1084 ? 24 May 1153), King of Scotland, reigned 1124? 53
Malcolm made several forays into England in an attempt to aid his brother in law Edgar regain the throne, but had no success. In 1072 William the Conqueror came north with a large army and a fleet. Malcolm met him at Abernethy and accepted the overlordship of the king of the English. Malcolm's oldest son Duncan was given over as a hostage to ensure peace. Malcolm also arranged peace between William and Edgar, his brother in law. Eventually William Rufus succeeded his father to become king of England, there were rebellion and skirmishes but Malcolm acknowledged William's overlordship.
War erupted between Scotland and England in 1093. Malcolm and Edward, his oldest son by Margaret, visited his daughters and sister in law at Wilton Abbey. Afterward he attempted to negotiate with William Rufus who refused. Malcolm and Edward marched northward, ravaging as they went, and were ambushed near Alnwick on 13 November 1093. There Malcolm was killed in what became known as the Battle of Alnwick. Edward was mortally wounded as well and died 3 days later on November 16. Learning of the death of her husband and oldest son Queen Margaret died on November 16th reputedly of heartbreak. Malcolm was originally buried at Tynemouth Priory in England but was later disintered and reburied next to his wife at Dunfermline Abbey.
Malcolm was succeeded as king of Scots by his oldest son Duncan II of Scotland

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"Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families," Douglas Richardson (2013):
"MALCOLM III (CEANNMORE), King of the Cumbrians, King of Scots, eldest son of Duncan I, King of Scots, by ___, cousin of Siward, Earl of Northumberland, born about 1031. He defeated and killed Macbeth, King of Scots at Lunfanan, Mar 15 August 1057. He became King of Scots on the defeat and death of Lulach 17 March 1057/8. He was crowned at Scone 25 April 1058. In 1061 he invaded England, and ravaged Northumberland and Lindisfarne. He married (1st) INGEBIORG (or INGIBJORG), widow of Earl Thorfin Sigurdson the Mighty, Earl of Orkney (died about 1064), and daughter of Earl Finn Arnason. They had three sons, Duncan [King of Scots], Malcolm, and Donald. His wife, Ingebiorg, died 17 Feb., year unknown. He married (2nd) at Dunfermline, Fife in 1068-9 [SAINT] MARGARET, daughter of Edward the ?theling, by his wife, Agatha, kinswoman of Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor. They had six sons, Edward, Edmund [Prince of Cumbria, afterwards a monk], Ethelred [Earl of Fife, Abbot of Dunkeld], Edgar [King of Scots], Alexander [I] [King of Scots], and David [I] [King of Scots], and two daughters, Maud and Mary. He invaded England in the spring of 1069/70, and ravaged Teesdale, Cleveland, Holderness, and the country between the Tees and the Tyne. In 1072 King William the Conqueror invaded Scotland by land and sea, and King Malcolm gave hostages and became 'his man' about 15 August 1072. In 1072 he granted lands in Lothian to his kinsman, Gospatric, who was deprived of the earldom of Northumberland by King William the Conqueror. He and his wife, Margaret, granted Ballichristian to the Culdees of Lochleven. He expelled Malsnectai, mormaer of Moray in 1078. In 1079 he devasted Northumberland as far as the Tyne. He harried a great part of the north of England in 1091; he and King William II of England made peace in Sept. 1091. He was present at the laying of the foundation stone at Durham Cathedral 11 August 1093. In August 1093 he went to Gloucester, where King William II refused to receive him. At the beginning of November 1093 he invaded England again. MALCOLM III, King of Scots, was killed by Morel of Bamborough at Alnwick, Northumberland 13 Nov. 1093. He was initially buried at Tynemouth, but his son, King Alexander I, later removed his body to Dunfermline, Fife. His widow, Margaret, died at Edinburgh Castle 16 Nov. 1093, and was buried before the high altar in the church of the Holy Trinity at Dunfermline, Fife. She was canonized by Pope Innocent IV in 1250.
Children of King Malcolm III, by Ingebiorg of Orkney:
i. DUNCAN II, King of Scots, married ETHELREDA (or OCTREDA) OF DUNBAR
ii. MALCOLM OF SCOTLAND.
iii. DONALD OF SCOTLAND
Children of King Malcolm III, by [Saint] Margaret:
i. EDWARD OF SCOTLAND. died 16 Nov. 1093.
ii. EDMUND OF SCOTLAND.
iii. ETHELRED, Abbot of Dunkeld.
iv. EDGAR, King of Scots
v. ALEXANDER I, King of Scots, married SIBYL OF ENGLAND ], illegitimate daughter of Henry I, King of England

Malcolm married Margaret "Atheling" Queen Of SCOTLAND, Qn Of Scotland in 1068 in Dunfermline Abbey, Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland. Margaret (daughter of Edward "Atheling" WESSEX, Prince Of England and Princess Agatha Von BRUNSWICK) was born in 1043 in Hungary; died on 16 Nov 1093 in Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Mid-Lothian, Scotland; was buried in , Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• FamilySearch ID: L8M6-YW7
• Name: Atheling
• _UID: A563CBB55CAD46E3ACB09F519B7274DE65E5
• MOVED FROM HUNGARY TO ENGLAND: 17 Apr 1057, London, Middlesex, England; Margaret's father Edward the Exile, the only living heir to the throne of England, returned to England to take his place as Heir Designate on 17 April 1057. He brought with him from Hungary his wife and children.
• HER FATHER, EDWARD THE EXILE, DIED: 19 Apr 1057, London, England; Unfortunately Margaret's father died 2 days after their arrival in England. Margaret's little brother, who was very young, became Edward the Confessor's heir, and the family went to live at the English court.
• SHIPWRECKED WHILE FLEEING: 1068; After William the Conqueror took the throne of England, Margaret and her family fled, possibly heading back to Hungary, and were shipwrecked off the coast of Scotland.
• TitleOfNobility: Between 1070 and 1093, Scotland; Queen consort of Scotland, Queen of Scotland
• DIED OF A BROKEN HEART: 16 Nov 1093, Castle of Maidens, Edinburgh, Scotland; Margaret died 3 days after the death of her husband and oldest son reportedly of grief

Notes:

Ancestral File Number: 9FTX-SR