Carney & Wehofer Family
Genealogy Pages
Notes
Matches 2,401 to 2,450 of 13,647
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| 2401 | AGNOSTIC: as a scoffer at religion [Felt, Eccles. Hist. I:496] | STARR, Thomas M.D. (I7989)
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| 2402 | Agrippina and Claudius married on New Year's Day, 49. This marriage caused widespread disapproval. This was a part of Agrippina's scheming plan to make her son Lucius the new emperor. Her marriage to Claudius was not based on love, but on power. She quickly eliminated her rival Lollia Paulina. Shortly after marrying Claudius, Agrippina persuaded the emperor to charge Paulina with black magic. Claudius stipulated that Paulina did not receive a hearing and her property was confiscated. She left Italy, but Agrippina was unsatisfied. Allegedly on Agrippina's orders, Paulina committed suicide. In the months leading up to her marriage to Claudius, Agrippina's maternal second cousin, the praetor Lucius Junius Silanus Torquatus, was betrothed to Claudius' daughter Claudia Octavia. This betrothal was broken off in 48, when Agrippina, scheming with the consul Lucius Vitellius the Elder, the father of the future emperor Aulus Vitellius, falsely accused Silanus of incest with his sister Junia Calvina. Agrippina did this hoping to secure a marriage between Octavia and her son. Consequently, Claudius broke off the engagement and forced Silanus to resign from public office. Silanus committed suicide on the day that Agrippina married her uncle, and Calvina was exiled from Italy in early 49. Calvina was called back from exile after the death of Agrippina. Towards the end of 54, Agrippina would order the murder of Silanus' eldest brother Marcus Junius Silanus Torquatus without Nero's knowledge, so that he would not seek revenge against her over his brother's death. On the day that Agrippina married her uncle Claudius as her third husband/his fourth wife, she became empress. She also was a stepmother to Claudia Antonia, Claudius' daughter and only child from his second marriage to Aelia Paetina, and to the young Claudia Octavia and Britannicus, Claudius' children with Valeria Messalina. Agrippina removed or eliminated anyone from the palace or the imperial court who she thought was loyal and dedicated to the memory of the late Messalina. She also eliminated or removed anyone who she considered was a potential threat to her position and the future of her son, one of her victims being Lucius' second paternal aunt and Messalina's mother Domitia Lepida the Younger. Griffin describes how Agrippina "had achieved this dominant position for her son and herself by a web of political alliances," which included Claudius's chief secretary and bookkeeper Pallas, his doctor Xenophon, and Afranius Burrus, the head of the Praetorian Guard (the imperial bodyguard), who owed his promotion to Agrippina. Neither ancient nor modern historians of Rome have doubted that Agrippina had her eye on securing the throne for Nero from the very day of the marriage— if not earlier. Dio Cassius's observation seems to bear that out: "As soon as Agrippina had come to live in the palace she gained complete control over Claudius." In 49, Agrippina was seated on a dais at a parade of captives when their leader the Celtic King Caratacus bowed before her with the same homage and gratitude as he accorded the emperor. In 50, Agrippina was granted the honorific title of Augusta. She was only the third Roman woman (Livia Drusilla and Antonia Minor received this title) and only the second living Roman woman (the first being Antonia) to receive this title. In her capacity as Augusta, Agrippina quickly became a trusted advisor to Claudius. And by AD 54, She exerted a considerable influence over the decisions of the emperor. A statues had been erected in her honor in the in all empire, and in the Senate, her followers were advanced with public offices and governorships. However this privileged position caused resentment among the senatorial class and the imperial family. | MINOR, Julia Agrippina II (I9014)
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| 2403 | Airman first class in US Airforce - Korea Shared DNA with Lois Wehofer 457cM Longest block 80cM Y-DNA R-YP445 l.gkemnitz@yahoo.com | KEMNITZ, Herbert Leonard (I29428)
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| 2404 | AKA "Cropped Hat", "Copped Hat" Richard II FitzAlan, Earl of Arundel and Warenne (1307?-1376, son of Edmund Fitzalan, earl of Arundel, and his wife, Alice Warenne, was born not before 1307. About 1321 his marriage to Isabella, daughter of the younger Hugh le Despenser, cemented the alliance between his father, and the favourite of Edward II. In 1326, however, his father's execution deprived him of the succession both to title and estates. In 1330, after the fall of Mortimer, he petitioned to be reinstated, and, after some dealy, was retored in blood and to the greater part of Earl Edmund's possessions. He was, however, forbidden to continue his efforts to avenge his father by private was against John Charlton, first lord Charlton of Powys. In 1331 he obtained the castle of Arundel from the heirs of Edmund, earl of Kent. These grants were subsequently more than once confirmed. In 1334 Arundel received Mortimer's castle of Chirk, and was made justice of North Wales, his large estates in that region giving him considerable local influence. The justiceship was afterwards confirmed for life. He was also made life-sheriff of Carnarvonshire and governor of Carnarvon Castle. Arundel took a conspicuous part in nearly every important war of Edward III's long reign. After surrendering in 1336 his 'hereditary right' to the stewardship of Scotland to Edward for a thousand marks, he was made in 1337 joint commander of the English army in the north. Early in 1338 he and his colleague Salisbury incurred no small opprobrium by their signal failure to capture Dunbar. On 25 April he was elevated to the sole command, with full powers to treat with the Scots for truce or peace, of which he availed himself to conclude a truce, as his duty now compelled him to follow the king to Brabant, where he landed at Antwerp on 13 Dec. In the January parliament of 1340 he was nominated admiral of the ships at Portsmouth and the west that were to assemble at Mid Lent. On 24 June he comported himself and was one of the commissioners sent by Edward from Bruges in July to acquaint parliament with the news and to explain to it the king's financial necessities. Later in the same year he took part in the great siege of Tournay. In 1342 he was at the great feast given by Edward III in honour of the Countess of Salisbury. His next active employment was in the same year as warden of the Scottish marches in conjunction with the Earl of Huntingdon. In October of the same year he accompanied Edward on his expedition to Brittany, and was left by the king to besiege Vannes while the bulk of the army advanced to Rennes. In January 1343 the truce put and end to the siege, and in July Arundel was sent on a mission to Avignon. In 1344 he was appointed, with Henry, earl of Derby, lieutenant of Aquitaine, where the French war had again broken out; and at the same time was commissioned to treat with Castile, Portugal, and Aragon. In 1345 he repudiated his wife, Isabella, on the ground that he had never consented to the marriage, and, having obtained papal recognition of the nullity of the union, married Eleanor, widow of Lord Beaumont, and daughter of Henry, third earl of Lancaster. This business may have prevented him sharing in the warlike exploits of his new brother-in-law, Derby, in Aquitaine. He was, however, reappointed admiral of the west in February 1345, and retained that post until 1347. In 1346 he accompanied Edward on his great expedition to northern France, and commanded the second of three divisions into which the English host was divided at Crecy. He was afterwards with Edward at the siege of Calais. In 1348 and 1350 Arundel was on commissions to treat with the pope at Avignon. In 1350, however, he took part in the famous naval battle with the Spaniards off Winchelsea. In 1351 he was employed in Scotland to arrange for a final peace and the ransom of King David. In 1354 he was one of the negotiators of a proposed truce with France, at a conference held under papal mediation at Guines, but on the envoys proceeding to Avignon, to obtain the papal ratification, it was found that no real setlement had been arrived at, and Innocent VI was loudly accused of treachery. In 1355 Arundel was one of the regents during the king's absence from England. In 1357 he was again negotiated in Scotland, and in 1358 was at the head of an embassy to Wenzol, duke of Luxemburg. In August 1360 he was joint commissioner in completing the ratification of the treaty of Bretigny. In 1362 he was one of the commissioners to prolong the truce with Charles of Blois. In 1364 he was again engaged in diplomacy. The declining years of Arundel's life were spent in comparitive seclusion from public affains. n 1365 he was maliciously cited ot the papal court by William de Lenne, the foreign bishop of Chichester, with whom he was on bad terms. He was supported by Edward in his resistance to the bishop, whose temporalities were ultimately seized by the crown. He now perhaps enlarged the castle of Arundel. His last military exploit was perhaps his share in the expedition for the relief of Thomacrs in 1372. Arundel was possessed of vast wealth, especially after 1353, when he succeeded, by right of his mother, to the earldom of Warenne or Surrey. He frequently aided Edward III in his financial difficulties by large advances, so that in 1370 Edward was more than twenty thousand pounds in his debt. Yet at his death Arundel left behind over ninety thousand marks in ready money, nearly half of which was stored up in bags in the high tower of Arundel. One of Arundel's last acts was to become, with Bishop William of Wykeham, a general attorney for John of Gaunt during his journey to Spain. He died on 24 Jan 1376. By his will, dated 5 Dec 1275, he directed that his body should be buried without pomp in the chapterhouse of Lewes priory, by the side of his second wife, and founded a perpetmacl chantry in the chapel of St George's within Arundel Castle. By his first marriage his only issue was one daughter. By his second he had three sons, of whom Richard, the eldest, was his successor to the earldom. John, the next, became marshal of England, and perished at sea in 1379. According to the settlement made by Earl Richard in 1347, the title ultimately reverted to the marshal's grandson John VI Fitzalan. The youngest, Thomas, became archbishop of Canterbury. Of his four daughters by Eleanor, two are mentioned in his will, namely Joan, married to Humphrey Bohun, earl of Hereford, and Alice, the wife of Thomas Holland, earl of Kent. His other daughters, Mary and Eleanor, died before him. [Dictionary of National Biography VII:96-7] Richard Fitzalan, 3rd Earl of Arundel, 8th Earl of Surrey (c. 1313 – 24 January 1376) was an English nobleman and medieval military leader and distinguished admiral. Arundel was one of the wealthiest nobles, and most loyal noble retainer of the chivalric code that governed the reign of Edward III of England. Richard was born c. 1313 in Sussex, England. Fitzalan was the eldest son of Edmund Fitzalan, 2nd Earl of Arundel, and his wife Alice de Warenne. His parents married after 30 December 1304, after his father had initially been fined for refusing to marry Alice in 1304; their betrothal had been arranged by Alice's grandfather the Earl of Surrey, his father's guardian. Arundel changed his mind after the Earl died, leaving Alice the heiress presumptive, and with her only brother married to a ten-year-old girl. His maternal grandparents were William de Warenne and Joan de Vere. William was the only son of John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey (himself son of Maud Marshal by her second marriage), and his wife Alice de Lusignan (died 1256), half-sister of Henry III of England. Around 1321, Fitzalan's father allied with Edward II's favourites, Hugh le Despenser, 1st Earl of Winchester and his namesake son, and Richard was married to Isabel le Despenser, daughter of Hugh the Younger. Fortune turned against the Despenser party, and on 17 November 1326, Fitzalan's father was executed. He did not succeed to his father's estates or titles. However, political conditions had changed by 1330, and over the next few years Richard was gradually able to reacquire the Earldom of Arundel as well as the great estates his father had held in Sussex and in the Welsh Marches. Beyond this, in 1334 he was made Justiciar of North Wales (later his term in this office was made for life), in 1336 Constable of Portchester Castle (until 1338), and in 1339 High Sheriff of Caernarvonshire and Governor of Caernarfon Castle for life. He was one of the most trusted supporters of Edward the Black Prince in Wales. Despite his high offices in Wales, in the following decades Arundel spent much of his time fighting in Scotland (during the Second Wars of Scottish Independence) and France (during the Hundred Years' War). In 1337, Arundel was made joint commander of the English army in the north, and the next year he was made the sole commander. In September 1339 a French fleet appeared off Sluis, determined to make sail against Edward III's fleet. When eventually they put to sea on 2 October they were blown off course by a violent storm back to the Zet Zwijn roads. Edward met parliament, and they ordered a new fleet to granted provisions by the barons of the cinque ports, and commanded by the Admiral of the West, Lord Arundel. Seventy ships from the west met at Portsmouth on March 26, 1340 to be commanded by their new admiral. The earl, granted the commission on 20 February 1340, was joined by fleets from the north and cinque ports. That summer he joined the king on flagship cog Thomas, leaving port two days later on 22 June for Flanders. Arundel was a distinguished soldier, in July 1340 he fought at the Battle of Sluys, during which his heavily laden cog grappled with the Spanish fleet. Summoned by parliament on 13 July, he bore witness to the victory. By December 1342 Arundel had relinquished his post as admiral. But it appears he may have been at the siege of Tournai. After a short term as Warden of the Scottish Marches, he returned to the continent, where he fought in a number of campaigns, and was appointed joint lieutenant of Aquitaine in 1340. The successful conclusion of the Flanders campaign, in which Arundel saw little fighting, encouraged the setting up of the Knights of the Round Table— attended every Whitsun by 300 great knights. A former guardian of the Prince of Wales, Arundel was also a close friend of Edward III, and one of the four great earls— Derby, Salisbury, Warwick and himself. With Huntingdon and Sir Ralph Neville he was a Keeper of the Tower and guardian to the prince with a garrison of 20 men-at-arms and 50 archers. A royal councillor, he was expected to raise taxes, which had caused such consternation on 20 July 1338. The King's wars were not alway popular, but Arundel was a vital instrument of that policy. Despite the failure of the peace negotiations at Avignon in 1344, Edward was decided on protecting his Gascon subjects. In early 1345, Derby and Arundel sailed for Bordeaux as lieutenants of the duchy of Aquitaine, attempting to prevent Prince Jean's designs on the tenantry. In August 1346 Derby returned with an army of 2,000 men; while Arundel was responsible for naval preparations. On 23 February 1345 Arundel was made Admiral of the Western Fleet, perhaps for a second time, to continue the policy of arresting merchant ships, but two years later was again superseded. Arundel was one of the three principal English commanders at the Battle of Crécy, his experience vital to the outcome of the battle with Suffolk and the bishop of Durham in the rearguard. Throughout he was entrusted by the King as guardian of the young Prince Edward. Arundel's division was on the right side of the battle lines, flanked to the right with archers, and stakes to the front. He spent much of the following years on various military campaigns and diplomatic missions. The king himself and the entourage went to Winchilsea on 15 August 1350, set sail on the cog Thomas on the 28th, for the fleet to chase the Spaniard De la Cerda down wind, which they sighted the following day. The ships rammed, before the party escaped unhurt on another vessel. Overcome by much larger Spanish ships, the English could not grapple. In a campaign of 1375, at the end of his life, he destroyed the harbour of Roscoff. On days after the death of Edward III, a Castilian fleet raided the south coast of England, and returned again in August. Arundel's fleet had put into Cherbourg for supplies, but no sooner had it departed, than the port was blockaded; one squadron was left behind and captured. At the same time galleys harassed the coast of Cornwall. In 1347, he succeeded to the Earldom of Surrey (or Warenne), which even further increased his great wealth. He did not, however, use the additional title until after the death of the Dowager Countess of Surrey in 1361. He made very large loans to King Edward III but even so on his death left behind a great sum in hard cash. He married twice: I. Isabel le Despenser (1312 – 1374/5) on 9 February 1321 at Havering-atte-Bower; 1. Sir Edmund de Arundel, Knt., of Chedzoy, Martock, Sutton Montagu, and Thurlbear, Somerset; Chudleigh, Devon; Melbury Bubb, Dorset; Bignor, Trayford and Compton, Sussex (c. 1329– 1381/2) II. Secondly on 5 April 1345 he married Eleanor of Lancaster, a young widow, the second-youngest daughter and sixth child of Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster and Maud Chaworth; 2. Richard Fitzalan, 4th Earl of Arundel, who was his son and heir. 3. John Fitzalan, 1st Baron Arundel, 1st Baron Maltravers, who was a Marshall of England, and drowned in 1379. 4. Thomas Arundel, who became Archbishop of Canterbury 5. Joan Fitzalan (1347 – 7 April 1419) 6. Alice FitzAlan (1350 – 17 March 1416), who married Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent, matrilinear brother of King Richard II. Illegitimate child by an unknown mistress: 7. Eleanor Fitzalan, married in or before 1348 (as his 1st wife) John de Bereford of Clapcot, Berkshire, Bickford, Stonythorpe, and Wishaw, Warwickshire, illegitimate son of Edmund de Bereford, Knt. They had no issue. Probable illegitimate offspring include: 8. Ranulph FitzAlan, who married a lady named Juliana, last name unknown. Through them descended the Hungerfords, the St. Johns and the Villiers, including Barbara (formerly Palmer) Villiers, the first of many mistresses of King Charles II of England. Richard died on 24 January 1376 at Arundel Castle, aged either 70 or 63, and was buried in Lewes Priory. He wrote his will on 5 December 1375. In his will, he mentioned his three surviving sons by his second wife, his two surviving daughters Joan, Dowager Countess of Hereford and Alice, Countess of Kent, his grandchildren by his second son John, etc., but left out his bastardized eldest son Edmund. In his will Richard asked his heirs to be responsible for building the Fitzalan Chapel at Arundel Castle, which was duly erected by his successor. The memorial effigies depicting Richard Fitzalan and his second wife Eleanor of Lancaster in Chichester Cathedral are the subject of the poem "An Arundel Tomb" by Philip Larkin. Fitzalan died an incredibly wealthy man, despite his various loans to Edward III, leaving £60,000 in cash. He had been as astute in business, as he had in diplomatic politics. He was a cautious man, and wisely saved his estate for future generations. Richard Fitzalan, 3rd Earl of Arundel, Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Fitzalan,_3rd_Earl_of_Arundel | FITZALAN, Richard "Copped Hat" (I5869)
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| 2405 | AKA Aodh | HY KINSALE, Aed Na (I28879)
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| 2406 | AKA Bookstaver | BUCHSTABER, Elsje (I4141)
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| 2407 | aka Cu Corb na Leinster. | CORB, King Cu-Corb (I28902)
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| 2408 | Aka Diadh Corb na Leinster. AKA Niadh Corb | CORB, Niadh (I28901)
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| 2409 | Aka Ennar Cennselach na Leinster | CEANNSALACH, Eannar (I28891)
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| 2410 | AKA Eoghan Caoch AKA Eogan Caech | HY KINSALE, Eoghan Caech Na (I28887)
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| 2411 | AKA Felim Fidruglas na Leinster | FIORURGLAS, Felim (I28899)
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| 2412 | AKA Fergus Fairge' | FAIRGE, Fergus (I28909)
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| 2413 | aka Fiachu Be Aiccid na Leinster. Sixth son of Cathair Mor, King of Leinster. | BAICHEDA, Fiacha Be Aiccid (I28897)
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| 2414 | AKA FITZ GEOFFREY | FITZJOHN, Maud (I13568)
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| 2415 | AKA Gorma Gealtach na Leinster AKA Gorma Gealtach | GEALTACH, Cormac (I28900)
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| 2416 | aka Lauriatha | GARDNER, Luretha Bell (I7069)
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| 2417 | AKA Lincreek, MO | VARNER, Walter Alva (I20001)
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| 2418 | AKA Lizzie | CAIN, Sarah Elizabeth (I20952)
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| 2419 | AKA Mogh Corb na Leinster. | CORB, Mogh (I28903)
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| 2420 | AKA Reginald FITZ ROY. Aka Rainald Born out of wedlock between 1100 and 1115. Miltary/Fought: between 1137 and 1138. Anjou forces raided Normandy. "Baldwin (de Redvers, 6553) joined in Geoffrey's (d'Anjou/Plantagenet's) attacks on Normandy. 'Two chroniclers single him out (with Reginald de Dunstanville and Stephen de Mandeville) as one who brought havoc to the Cotentin, and who 'by his pillaging raids ... carried everything away without pity; creating disorder everywhere, he made himself a terror to all" (Earldom of Devon Charters.). Circa 1140 Property: Tintagel castle writing of castles springing up in Cornwall in Stephen's time: "But most famous of all is the fabled castle of Arthur and Mark, Tintagel, buttressed by the promontory rock and girdled by the ocean itself. It was begun abt 1140 by Reginald, Earl of Cornwall, another of Henry I's illegitimate sons, and another half-brother of Matilda's" (F.E. Halliday, A History of Cornwall (No place: Duckworth, 1959; 2nd ed 1975). Hereinafter cited as Cornwall.). In 1140 Earl of Cornwall; created by King Stephen. Married Mabel (----) c 1139, Cornwall (Halliday, Cornwall.); "Reginald was also the newly acquired son-in-law of Wm Fitz Richard, the formidable Lord of Cardinham, whom Stephen had appointed his lieutenant of the county." doesn't give wife's name. Before 1175 Mistress Douglas Richardson posted, "Beatrice "de Valle," wife of William Briwerre appears to have been the daughter of Hubert de Vaux and his wife, Grace. At least that is the implication of various pieces of evidence which I have assembled over the years. Before she married William Briwerre, she was mistress of Reynold Fitz Roy (or de Mortain), Earl of Cornwall, by whom she had a son, Henry Fitz Count." Died in 1175 (Earldom of Devon Charters.) (Given-Wilson, Royal Bastards.). | DE DUNSTANVILLE, Reginald Earl Of Cornwall (I23304)
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| 2421 | AKA Silan | HY KINSALE, Siollan Na (I28886)
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| 2422 | AKA Whitmore/Wetmore Owned land in Wethersfield 1639-40; moved to Hartford; one of the first settlers of Mattabesek (Middletown) CT; made freeman 1652; represented Middletown in the General Court 1654 and 1655; only 10 of the 35 proprietors showed higher assessment in 1670. | WETMORE, Thomas (I3184)
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| 2423 | AKA: Abigail | Goddie (Goody) (I2767)
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| 2424 | AKA: CALCOATE | COLCOTT, Dorothy (Lymbrey) (I1577)
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| 2425 | AKA: Erzse Wagner | WAGNER, Erzsébet "Erza" Elisabeth Vagner (I30503)
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| 2426 | aka: Guðrøðr, Gudrod "the Hunting King" , Gudrod "the Magnificant † deathABT 0821.·They had a son by their marriage called Halfdan; and the autumn that Halfdan was a year old Gudrod went upon a round of feasts. He lay with his ship in Stiflesund, where they had been drinking hard, so that the king was very tipsy. In the evening, about dark, the king left the ship; and when he had got to the end of the gangway from the ship to the shore, a man ran against him, thrust a spear through him, and killed him. The man was instantly put to death, and in the morning when it was light the man was discovered to be Åsa's page-boy: nor did she conceal that it was done by her orders. Thus tells Thjodolf of it: -- "Gudrod is gone to his long rest, Despite of all his haughty pride -- A traitor's spear has pierced his side: For Aasa cherished in her breast Revenge; and as, by wine opprest, The hero staggered from his ship, The cruel queen her thrall let slip To do the deed of which I sing: And now the far-descended king, At Stiflesund, in the old bed Of the old Gudrod race, lies dead." event·succeeded his father, Halfdan the Mild, event ·sent his men west to Agder, on his first wife's death, to the king who ruled there, and who was called Harald Redbeard. They were to make proposals to his daughter Aasa upon the king's account; but Harald declined the match, and the ambassadors returned to the king, and told him the result of their errand event ·received half the district of Vingulmark as the dowry for half the dowry of Ålfhild of Ålfheim event ·launched his ships against Agder landed, and came altogether unexpectedly at night to King Harald's house. When Harald was aware that an army was at hand, he went out with the men he had about him, and there was a great battle, although he wanted men so much. King Harald and his son Gyrd fell, and King Gudrod took a great booty. He carried away with him Åsa, King Harald's daughter, and had a wedding with her | HALFDANSSON, King Gudrod Veiðikonung (I516)
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| 2427 | aka: Heli of the Trinovantes 1 ., King , of the Britons , King 1 ., Beli Mawr of Britain 1 ., Celtic God of the Sun | CAMBRIAN, Beli Mawr The (I245)
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| 2428 | aka: King (Succeeding Ascanius Iulus, his brother. )1 ., Silvius of Latium (Succeeding Ascanius Iulus, his brother. ) | DARDANIAN, King Silvius The (I282)
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| 2429 | aka: King (Succeeding Ingild, his brother? )1 , 2 ., Halfdan II of Denmark (Succeeding Ingild, his brother? ) | SKJOLDING, King Halfdan Frodasson The Of Denmark (I551)
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| 2430 | aka: King Cunedda of Loegria (Killing his cousin, Marganus and ruling a combined Kingdom. )1 , 2 ., Cynedda (Welsh ), King (Sharing the kingdom of Loegria with his cousin, Marganus I, who ruled north of the Humber. Both succeeding Cordelia, their aunt. )1 ., Cunedagius of Loegria south of the Humber (Sharing the kingdom of Loegria with his cousin, Marganus I, who ruled north of the Humber. Both succeeding Cordelia, their aunt. ) | BRITON, King Cunedagius The (I261)
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| 2431 | aka: Lud of the Trinovantes 1 ., King , Lud of the Britons , Celtic God of Healing gave his name to "London" | BRITAIN, Lludd Llaw Ereint Of (I244)
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| 2432 | aka: Ragnvald "Mountain-High" Name: Rögnvaldr Heiðum Hæri O'láfsson | HEIDUMHAERE, King Rognvald Olafsson Of Vestfold (I510)
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| 2433 | AKA: The Saint; Governor of Ponthieu | DE PONTHIEU, Angilbert Governor Of Ponthieu (I24344)
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| 2434 | aka: Theomantius of the Trinovantes 1 ., Tenancius | BRITAIN, Tenefan Ap Lludd Of (I243)
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| 2435 | AKA: William FitzRobert "Longsword" BIOGRAPHY: Acceded 932 Per Rosamond McKitterick's, "The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians 751-987", London & NY (Longman) 1983, p 238: "William Longsword, ROLLO's son and successor, was the principal architect of Normandy's development. He married the daughter of HERBERT OF VERMANDOIS but his children were born of a Breton concubine. William had supported LOUIS IV (RIN 1617) and attempted to establish his protection over Brittany, gaining at least the Cotentin and Avranchin in 933. There remains some doubt about William's claim to the whole Breton peninsula. When in 942 William was murdered at the instigation of COUNT ARNULF OF FLANDERS, his son Richard, still a minor, succeeded him." [source unrecorded]: ROLLO died in 927, and was succeeded by his son William "Long Sword" born of his union 'more danico' with POPPA, daughter of COUNT BERENGER; he showed some attachment to the Scandinavian language, for he sent his son William to Bayeux to learn Norse. The first two dukes also displayed a certain fidelity to the Carolingian dynasty of France, and in 936 William "Long-Sword" did homage to LOUIS IV d'Outremer. He died on 17th of December 942, assassinated by the COUNT OF FLANDERS. | FITZROBERT, William I "Longsword" 2nd (I25520)
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| 2436 | AL | CHITWOOD, Joel (I19903)
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| 2437 | Alan W. Smith 17 Grumman Ave. Norwalk, CT 06851-2503 | Source (S174)
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| 2438 | Alaric II (died 507), king of the Visigoths (484-507), succeeding his father, Euric. He ruled the central and southern regions of Gaul (modern-day France) and most of Spain. Like most Visigoths, Alaric adhered to Arianism; this gave the Frankish king Clovis I, an orthodox Christian, an excuse for making war on him. Alaric's forces were completely routed at Vouillé, near Poitiers (in present-day France), and he himself was overtaken and slain by Clovis. This defeat brought to an end the rule of the Visigoths in Gaul. Alaric is also known for the Breviary of Alaric, an abstract of Roman laws and decrees prepared at his direction for use in his domains. This document is a primary source of knowledge about the application of Roman law in nations formed from the disintegrated Roman Empire. "Alaric II," Microsoft® Encarta® Encyclopedia 99. © 1993-1998 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Regarding the state of the Empire: The most notable of the Spanish Visigothic kings was Euric, who reigned [lived] from about 420 to 484 (actually only reigned from 466 - 484). He was a son of Theodoric I. Under Euric, who declared his rule to be independent of any federation with Rome, the kingdom of Toulouse included almost all of Spain and most of Gaul west of the Rhône River and south of the Loire River. Euric introduced many aspects of Roman civilization and drew up a code of law combining Roman and German elements. The kingdom was, however, continually beset by both internal and external difficulties. The kingship was nominally elective, and the powerful Visigothic nobles stood against attempts to found a hereditary royal house. Externally, the Byzantine Empire and the Franks menaced the Visigothic lands. In order to instill greater loyalty in his rebellious Roman and Christian subjects, Alaric II in 506 introduced the collection of laws known as the Breviary of Alaric. A year later, Clovis I, king of the Franks, defeated the Visigoths at the Battle of Vouillé, in which Alaric II was killed. "Goths," Microsoft® Encarta® Encyclopedia 99. © 1993-1998 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Breviary of Alaric, also known as Lex Romana Visigothorum (Roman Law of the Visigoths), important collection of Roman laws compiled under Alaric II, king of the Visigoths. Issued in AD506 at Toulouse (now in France), the code was designed for Alaric's Roman subjects and was almost exclusively Roman in character. It was derived from the Code and Novels of the Roman emperor Theodosius II (AD401-50), the Institutes of the Roman jurist Gaius (circa AD110-80), and other authorities. "Breviary of Alaric," Microsoft® Encarta® Encyclopedia 99. © 1993-1998 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Source: lorenfamily.com | VISIGOTHS, Alaric II (Alarico) King Of The (I9764)
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| 2439 | Albert was born in 1902. He passed away in 1987. Found in 1920 US Census in Flint City, Genssee, Michigan Albert Kemnitz, Roomer, age 17, born in Germany, farmer Residence of Raymond Miller Name: Albert Kemnitz SSN: 380-38-8271 Last Residence: 49744 Herron, Alpena, Michigan, United States of America Born: 17 Sep 1902 Died: May 1987 State (Year) SSN issued: Michigan (1955-1956 ) Albert and his wife, Edna, worked as mixed crop farmers on their property in Herron Michigan. Over the years it would be found that many of their children suffered side effects from the various chemicals used on the farm. Many of the children suffered from Parkinsons Disease, and various cancers in their adult lives. DNA Paternal relationship is confirmed by an autosomal Family Tree DNA test match between Lois Wehofer and Peggy Harmon, her 3rd cousin. Their most-recent common ancestors are John Kemnitz and Christina Funke, the great great grandparents of Lois Wehofer and 2x great grandparents of Peggy Harmon. Predicted relationship from Family Tree DNA: 3rd cousin, based on sharing 65 cM across 30 segments. DNA test taker Lois Wehofer is the granddaughter of Albert Kemnitz, the son of Herman Kemnitz, the son of the common ancestors John Kemnitz & Christina Funke. Citation generated by DNA Confirmation app, version 3.02 (updated 25.Sep.2024) - Carney-4356 20:47, 9 November 2024 (UTC) Sources Jim Carney https://www.jnlcarney.com/carney/ from census, draft registration, certificates, etc and conversations with daughter Joyce Kemnitz. Paternal and Maternal relationships are both confirmed based on an autosomal Family Tree DNA test match between Lois Wehofer and William Clark, her 2nd cousin 1x removed. Their most-recent common ancestors are Herman Kemnitz and Ernestina Krueger, the great grandparents of Lois Wehofer and 2x great grandparents of William Clark. Predicted relationship from Family Tree DNA: William is Lois's 2nd cousin 1x removed, based on sharing 72 cM across 44 segments. Citation generated by DNA Confirmation app, version 3.02 (updated 25.Sep.2024) - Carney-4356 20:14, 9 November 2024 (UTC) [edit] | KEMNITZ, Albert William (I13335)
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| 2440 | Alderman of London, Sheriff of London in 1499 | WILSFORD, James Of Hartridge, Sir (I13323)
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| 2441 | Aleta Hawkins | PARKER, John D. (I9100)
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| 2442 | Alexander Comyn, 2nd Earl of Buchan (died 1289) was a Scoto-Norman magnate who was one of the most important figures in the 13th century Kingdom of Scotland. He was the son of William Comyn, jure uxoris Earl of Buchan, and Marjory, Countess of Buchan, the heiress of the last native Scottish Mormaer of Buchan, Fergus. During his long career, Alexander was Justiciar of Scotia (1258– 89), Constable of Scotland (1275– 89),[1] Sheriff of Wigtown (1263– 66), Sheriff of Dingwall (1264– 66), Ballie of Inverie (in Knoydart) and finally, Guardian of Scotland (1286– 89) during the first interregnum following the death of King Alexander III. In 1284 he joined with other Scottish noblemen who acknowledged Margaret of Norway as the heiress to King Alexander.[2] He died sometime after 10 July 1289. Alexander had at least nine children with his wife, Elisabeth, daughter of Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester. | COMYN, Alexander Earl Of Buchan (I11750)
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| 2443 | Alexander Franklin "Frank" James was born in Kearney, Missouri, to Baptist minister Reverend Robert Sallee James and his wife Zerelda (Cole) James. The couple came from Kentucky. He was of English, Welsh and Scottish descent. Frank was the oldest of three children. His father died in 1851 and his mother remarried Benjamin Simms in 1852. After his death, she married a third time to Dr. Reuben Samuel in 1855, when Frank was 13 years old. As a child, James showed interest in his late father's sizable library, especially the works of William Shakespeare. Census records show that James attended school regularly, and he reportedly wanted to become a teacher. Civil War The American Civil War began in 1861, when James was eighteen years old. The secessionists in Missouri, including Governor Claiborne Fox Jackson, attempted to drive the Union army out of the state, but were eventually defeated. The James family was from the heavily Confederate western portion of the state. On September 13, 1861, the Missouri State Guard, including private Frank James, besieged Lexington, Missouri. James fell ill and was left behind when the Confederate forces retreated. He surrendered to the Union troops, was paroled, and was allowed to return home. On his arrival, however, he was arrested by the local pro-Union militia and was forced to sign an oath of allegiance to the Union. After the withdrawal of regular Confederate troops in the fall of 1861, a bitter guerrilla conflict soon began between bands of pro-Confederate irregulars (commonly known as bushwhackers) and the Union homeguards. By early 1863, Frank, ignoring his parole and oath of allegiance, had joined the guerrilla band of Fernando Scott, a former saddler. He soon switched to the more active command led by William Clarke Quantrill. Union militiamen searching for Fernando Scott raided the Samuel farm and hanged Dr. Reuben Samuel (though not fatally), Frank's stepfather, torturing him to reveal the location of the guerrillas. Shortly afterward, Frank took part with Quantrill's company in the August 21, 1863 Lawrence Massacre where approximately 200 mostly unarmed civilians were killed. Frank James was paroled July 27, 1865 in Nelson County, Kentucky. There is a report that after his parole, Frank was involved in a gunfight in Brandenburg, Kentucky with four soldiers that resulted in two soldiers killed, one wounded, and Frank wounded in the hip. However, there is an alternative account that claims in the autumn of 1865, Frank, who was in Kentucky going to Missouri, was suspected of stealing horses in Ohio and that Frank shot two members of a posse and escaped. During his years as a bandit, Frank James was involved in at least four robberies between 1868 and 1876 that resulted in the deaths of bank employees or citizens. The most famous incident was the disastrous Northfield, Minnesota, raid on September 7, 1876, that ended with the death or capture of most of the gang. Five months after the killing of his brother Jesse in 1882, Frank James boarded a train to Jefferson City, Missouri, where he had an appointment with the governor in the state capitol. Placing his holster in Governor Crittenden's hands, he explained, 'I have been hunted for twenty-one years, have literally lived in the saddle, have never known a day of perfect peace. It was one long, anxious, inexorable, eternal vigil.' He then ended his statement by saying, 'Governor, I haven't let another man touch my gun since 1861.' Accounts say that James surrendered with the understanding that he would not be extradited to Northfield, Minnesota. He was tried for only two of the robberies/murders: one in Gallatin, Missouri, for the July 15, 1881, robbery of the Rock Island Line train at Winston, Missouri, in which the train engineer and a passenger were killed, and the other in Huntsville, Alabama, for the March 11, 1881, robbery of a United States Army Corps of Engineers payroll at Muscle Shoals, Alabama. Among others, former Confederate General Joseph Orville Shelby testified on James's behalf in the Missouri trial. He was acquitted in both Missouri and Alabama. Missouri accepted legal jurisdiction over him for other charges, but they never came to trial. He was never extradited to Minnesota for his connection with the Northfield Raid. His New York Times obituary summarized his arrest and acquittal: In 1882 ... Frank James surrendered in Jefferson City, Missouri. After his surrender James was taken to Independence, Missouri, where he was held in jail three weeks, and later to Gallatin, where he remained in jail a year awaiting trial. Finally James was acquitted and went to Oklahoma to live with his mother. He never was in the penitentiary and never was convicted of any of the charges against him. In the last thirty years of his life, James worked a variety of jobs, including as a shoe salesman and then as a burlesque theater ticket taker in St. Louis. One of the theater's spins to attract patrons was their use of the phrase "Come get your ticket punched by the legendary Frank James." He also served as an AT&T telegraph operator in St. Joseph, Missouri. James took up the lecture circuit, while residing in Sherman, Texas. In 1902, former Missourian Sam Hildreth, a leading thoroughbred horse trainer and owner, hired James as the betting commissioner at the Fair Grounds Race Track, in New Orleans. He returned to the North Texas area where he was a shoe salesman at Sanger Brothers in Dallas. The Tacoma Times reported in July, 1914, that he was picking berries at a local ranch in Washington state, and planned to buy a farm nearby. He was also part of a Chicago investment group which purchased the Fletcher Terrell's Buckskin Bill's Wild West Show, third in size after the Buffalo Bill and Pawnee Bill shows. In his final years, James returned to the James Farm, giving tours for the sum of 25 cents. He died there at age 72 on February 18, 1915. He left behind his wife Annie Ralston James and one son. He is interred in Hill Park Cemetery, in the western portion of Independence, Missouri. | JAMES, Alexander Franklin "Frank" (I30849)
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| 2444 | Alexander Ogilvy, 4th of Deskford and Findlater was the son of James Ogilvy, 3rd of Deskford and Findlater and Lady Agnes Gordon. He married, • firstly, Janet Abernethy, daughter of James Abernethy, 3rd Lord Saltoun of Abernethy and unknown wife (?).1 He married, • secondly, Elizabeth Gordon, daughter of Adam Gordon, before 1535.1 --- He died in July 1544. --- He resigned his lands to the Crown, creating the Barony of Ogilvy which was entailed on him and his heirs. Children of Alexander Ogilvy, 4th of Deskford and Findlater and Janet Abernethy James Ogilvy of Cardell+3 d. b 29 Apr 1578 Margaret Ogilvy+2 Marioun Ogilvy+4 Janet Ogilvy+3 Marjorie Ogilvy3 b. c 1550 Citations [S37] BP2003 volume 3, page 3550. See link for full details for this source. Hereinafter cited as. [S37] [S4053] Christopher Davis, "re: Barton Family," e-mail message to Darryl Roger LUNDY (101053), 30 October 2009. Hereinafter cited as "re: Barton Family." [S6286] Clan MacFarlane and associated clans genealogy, online http://www.clanmacfarlanegenealogy.info. Hereinafter cited as Clan MacFarlane. [S37] BP2003. [S37] | OGILVY, Alexander 4th of Deskford and Findlater, Lord Ogilvy of Deskford - 1st Earl of Findlater (I594772008)
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| 2445 | Alexander Rankin, his son William and grandson Adam migrated to Ireland when Adam was only one year old, Adam having been born in Sterlingshire, Scotland. The Rankins took part in the siegeof Londonderry in 1690, and with other various families, defended that city when it was besieged by James II. This siege lasted for 105 days, and was finally relieved by William of Orange. Father: William Rankin Mother: Dorothy Black Married Elizabeth May (died 17 21) May 1710 Sterlingshire, Scotland Children: 1. James Rankin 1715 Sterl ingshire, Slirting Co., Scotland Married: Mary Steele Children: 1. William Rankin 1727 Fermanagh or Armagh, Ulster, Ireland 2. Jeremiah Rankin 1732 3. Ester Rankin 1733 "RANKIN ROOTS of EAST TENNESSEE"; by Hazel Townsend Tumblin; hazelt@bellsouth.net | RANKIN, Adam (I3104)
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| 2446 | Alexander Rankin, his son William and grandson Adam migrated to Ireland when Adam was only one year old, Adam having been born in Sterlingshire, Scotland. The Rankins took part in the siegeof Londonderry in 1690, and with other various families,defended that city when it was besieged by James II. This siege lasted for 105 days, and was finally relieved by William of Orange. Father: Unknown Rankin Mother: Unknown Unknown Married: Agnes Reid 1659 Scotland Children: 1. William Rankin abt 1668 Scotland 2. John Rankin 3. Alexander Rankin | RANKIN, Alexander (I3099)
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| 2447 | Alexander Shaw of Tordarroch, was the son of Robert Shaw of Tordarroch and Agnes Fraser of Struy. -- He married Anna McIntosh, daughter of Donald McIntosh of Kyllachy and Jean Dunbar, on 6 November 1684. He died on 22 November 1719. He accompanied The Mackintosh against the MacDonalds of Keppoch in Brae Lochaber.1 In 1687 he was a witness to the marriage contract of the 19th Chief of Mackintosh.1 In 1698 he was named renewing a commission granted to the 19th Chief of Mackintosh 'for raising fire and sword' against Coll MacDonald, 15th Chief of Keppoch.1 On 18 May 1700 a commissioner named by the 19th Chief of Mackintosh at the Isle of Moy to act for him, on account of ill-health.1 On 22 May 1700 he was in 'an obligation' given by Coll MacDonald, 15th Chief of Keppoch at Fort William.1 Children of Alexander Shaw of Tordarroch, 8th Chief of Clan Ay and Anna McIntosh -- Alexandee, Robert's eldest son and successor, is mentioned as "of Tordarroch " under dates 23rd August 1692, 26th June 1696, and 17th October 1699,3 and as "of Wester Leys" under date 21st October 1697.4 In an Act of 1698, renewing a Commission granted to the nineteenth chief of Mackintosh for raising Fire and Sword against Coll Macdonald of Keppoch and others, he is erroneously described as " younger " of Tordarroch. As "younger of Tordarroch" he had accompanied Mackintosh in 1679 against the Macdonalds in Brae Lochaber. -- He married Anne, second daughter of Donald Mackintosh of Killachie. | SHAW, Alexander of Tordarroch, 8th Chief of Clan Ay (I594771758)
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| 2448 | ALEXANDER STANDISH was born about 1400 of Standish, Lancashire, England, to Lawrence Standish (1361-1432) and Lora Pilington. He married Constance Gerard about 1421 of Lancaster, Lancashire, England. Alexander Standish died about 1445 of Standish, Lancashire, England, age 45. CONSTANCE GERARD was born about 1402 of Bryn and Kingsley, Lancashire, England, to John Gerard of Kingsley and Bryn (1387-1431) and Alice de Boteler (1377-1441.) She married Alexander Standish about 1421 of Lancaster, Lancashire, England. Constance passed away about 1468 of Standish, Lancashire, England, age 66. Children of Alexander Standish and Constance Gerard: 1.Lawrence De Standish (1421-) 2.Ralph De Standish, Esquire, was born about 1422 of Standish, Lancashire, England, to Alexander Standish (1400-1445) and Constance Gerard (1403-1469.) He married Margaret Radcliff about 1440 of Standish, Lancashire, England. Ralph De Standish died about 1468, of Standish, Lancashire, England, age 46. 3.Oliver Standish (1428-1509) 4.Robert de Standish (1431-) 5.Peter or Piers Standish (1432-) 6.Hugh de Standish (1435-1482) 7.Henry de Standish (1436-) 8.Peter de Standish (1437-) 9.Roger De Standish (1438-1472) 10.Alexander Standish (1442-1508) 11.Henry de Standish (1443-1535) 12.Lawrence Standishe ------------------------------------------------- From https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Standish-106 Biography Alexander was born about 1400. Alexander Standish ... He passed away about 1445. [1] Name Name: Sir Alexander Phillip /Standish/ Given Name: Sir Alexander Phillip Surname: Standish[2][3] [4][5][6][7] Name: Alexander /Standish/ [8][9] Birth Birth: Date: 1400 Place: Standish, Lancashire, England[10][11][12][13] Title Title: Sir [14] Marriage married Constance Gerard abt 1421 in Earwaker Lancashire England Husband: Alexander Standish Wife: Constance Gerard Child: Oliver Standish Marriage:abt 1421 [15] Death 1445 Standish, Lancashire, England[16][17][18][19] Sources Royal Ancestry by Douglas Richardson Vol. III. p. 80 | STANDISH, Alexander Sir Knight (I12981)
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| 2449 | Alexander was the great grandson of King Robert II of Scotland and inherited his father Domhnall's alliance with King James I of Scotland against the power of the Albany Stewarts, who by the time James returned to Scotland from English captivity in 1424 ruled more of Scotland than King James could. By 1425 James had decided to destroy the Albany Stewarts once and for all. In May of this year, Alexander attended the Stirling parliament, and sat on the jury of 21 knights and peers which ordered the execution of Murdoch (Muireadhach), Duke of Albany, along with his son Alexander and his ally Donnchadh, Earl of Lennox.[2] However, the destruction of the Albany Stewarts removed the main reason for the co-operation between the King and the Lord of the Isles.[3] It is possible that, as Michael Brown believes, James acknowledged Alexander's control of the earldom of Ross as a reward for his support against Albany, as in 1426 Alexander used the style "Master of the Earldom of Ross".[4] However, Richard Oram takes a different view, and sees Alexander's adoption of this title and occupation of much of the earldom as a provocation towards James, since it had passed to him after the death of John Stewart, Earl of Buchan and Ross in 1424, and James was legally entitled the hold the earldom. Alexander's use of this title, if it were provocation, would have been compounded in the king's mind by the fact that Alexander's uncle John Mór MacDonald was harbouring and protecting James Mór (or James the Fat), the son of Duke Murdoch, while James Mór was claiming James' throne.[5] Captivity Inverness Castle, the location of Alexander's first captivity. Although the modern castle is not medieval, the site is. At any rate, the king had certainly adopted a more hostile attitude towards Alexander. In 1428, James travelled into the north of Scotland both to assert his authority in Ross and to bring order to the north. James requested a meeting with Alexander, and in August Alexander travelled in good faith to meet James at Inverness, where James was holding court. James however, in an act typical of his kingship, imprisoned Alexander, his mother Mariota (by whose lineage Alexander claimed Ross) and around fifty of his followers, including his uncle and heir-designate John Mór, in the tower of Inverness Castle. Included among the other prisoners were Alexander's most important Ross allies; men such as Aonghas Dubh MacAoidh, the chief of the MacKays of Strathnaver, a man who was reputed to have a warband 4000 strong; a prisoner also was Aonghas' son Niall Óg, the husband of the daughter of the head of the Foulis Munro kindred of Easter Ross, one of Ross' most important families. The head of the Munros himself, George Munro, may also have been arrested, but if he was he was quickly released. William Leslie and John de Ross of Balnagown, two important landowners and kinsmen of Mariota, were also imprisoned, as were the heads of the Wester Ross Lochalsh MacMhathain (Matheson) and the Kintail MacChoinnich (MacKenzie) kindreds. Most of these men, including John Mór, seem to have been released within a short time, although James took a few back to the south with him.[6] According to Michael Brown and the 17th century History of the MacDonalds, James attempted to do a deal with John Mór, probably offering him the Lordship of the Isles, to which he was heir and for which he had revolted against his brother Domhnall decades before. John however refused to negotiate until Alexander was released. Furthermore, King James' plans met disaster when his messenger James Campbell attempted to arrest "Johannis de Insulis" and killed him in the attempt. King James tried to distance himself from the killing, and had Campbell hanged. Before the end of 1428. Alexander was released on a promise of good behaviour.[7] War against the King Oil-painting of James I, King of Scots (1406/24-1437). Almost as soon as he was released, Alexander was at war with the king. Domhnall Ballach ("the Freckled"), son of his uncle John Mór, may have been seeking revenge for his father's death, and if this was the case, he was supported by his other uncle Alasdair Carrach ("the Curly"), Lord of Lochaber. Together, these two men, the two most important nobles in the lordship, probably helped pressure Alexander into war. In Spring 1429, Alexander's forces advanced on Inverness. Although Maol Choluim Mac an Tóisich ("Malcolm MacKintosh"), head of Clan Chattan and custodian of the castle, managed to hold Alexander off, Alexander was still able to burn down the burgh. Alexander, meanwhile, was planning to support James Mór, son of Duke Murdoch, in his claim on the Scottish throne. James Mór had become a serious threat to King James, not merely because was he likely to have the support of Murdoch's former vassals in Lennox, Menteith and Fife, but also because he had obtained the backing of the King of England, who was angry that King James was ignoring his superior status and the terms of his release from captivity in England several years before. Now James Mór had the support of Alexander too.[8] At this point, however, James was saved by the sudden death of his rival. As the Annals of the Four Masters reports: Semus Stiuard Mac Rígh Alban, & rioghdhamhna Alban beos iarna indarbadh a h-Albain i n-Erinn do écc, iar t-techt loingis ó fheraibh Alban for a chend dia Ríoghadh.[9]James Stuart, son of the King of Scotland, and Roydamna of Scotland, who had been banished from Scotland to Ireland, died, after the arrival of a fleet from the men of Scotland to convey him home, that he might be made king.[10] In the summer, King James raised a large army and after a swift march north through Atholl and Badenoch, the royal army encountered Alexander somewhere around the borders of Lochaber and Badenoch. Although according to Walter Bower Alexander had 10,000 men, when the royal standard was unfurled the Chattan and Cameron kindreds switched over to the King. In the following engagement Alexander was defeated. Although Alexander got away, the king capitalized on his victory by marching further north and seizing the castles of Urquhart and Dingwall. The king now sought Alexander's capture, and sent an expedition armed with artillery into the Hebrides. Alexander, who had probably fled to Islay, found himself in a very difficult position, and on 27 August 1429 surrendered to King James at Holyrood Abbey, near the burgh of Edinburgh. King James was persuaded by his magnates to give Alexander grace, and sent him to Tantallon Castle under the custody of William Douglas, 2nd Earl of Angus, King James' nephew.[11] | MACDONALD, Alexander 10th. Earl of Ross (I594767848)
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| 2450 | Alfonso VIII (1155-1214), king of Castile (1158-1214); he succeeded to the throne on the death of his father, Sancho III. Troubled by interference from Navarre in his youth, he later allied Castile with Aragón, forming a connection that was eventually to become the basis for the unification of Spain. He also established Castilian dominance over León. In 1170 he married Eleanor, daughter of King Henry II of England. From the 1170s, he resisted encroachments by the Almohads, Muslim invaders from northern Africa. Defeated by the Muslim caliph Yakub al-Mansur at Alarcos in 1195, Alfonso and his allies won a major victory over the Muslim commander al-Nasir at Navas de Tolosa in 1212. | SANCHEZ, King Alfonso "The Noble" VIII (I4281)
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