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Llewelyn Ap IORWERTH, Prince Of Wales
1173 - 1240 (67 years)-
Name Llewelyn Ap IORWERTH [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7] Suffix Prince Of Wales Birth 1173 Aberffraw Castle, Aberffraw, Anglesy, Wales 
[7, 8, 9] Gender Male MilitaryService 1194 Aberconwy, Conwy, Caernarvonshire, Wales [10] MilitaryService TitleOfNobility Between 1194 and 1240 Wales [10] TitleOfNobility Conquers territory of Gwynedd, and appointed Overlord... Abt 1203 Gwynedd, Wales [10] Conquers territory of Gwynedd, and appointed Overlord... Invasion 1215 Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England [10] Invasion Name Llewelyn Fawr ap Iorwerth of Anglesey [10] Name Llewelyn OF GWYNEDD [10] Name Llywelyn FAWR AB IORWERTH [10] _FSFTID 9HFS-PKH _FSLINK https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9HFS-PKH _UID 465073A13EB744D480BC13D6AA6D994AD697 Burial Apr 1240 Aberconwy Abbey, Conwy, Caernarfonshire, Wales [10] Death 11 Apr 1240 Conwy, Caernarfonshire, Wales [1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10] Person ID I11014 Carney Wehofer July 2025 Last Modified 13 Dec 2022
Father Iorwerth "Drwyndwn" Ap OWAIN, Prince North Wales, b. 1130, Aberffraw Castle, Aberffraw, Anglesey, Wales d. 1174, Pennant Melangell, Powys, Montgomery, Wales (Age 44 years) Mother Marared Verch MADOG, b. Abt 1150, Penmachno, Caernarfonshire, Wales d. 1198, Caernarfonshire, Wales (Age ~ 48 years) Marriage 1163 Aberffraw Castle, Anglesey, Wales Family ID F5847 Group Sheet | Family Chart
Family 1 "Joan" Tangwystl Verch LLYWARCH, b. Abt 1178, Rhos, Denbighshire, Wales d. Abt 1206 (Age ~ 28 years) Marriage 16 Apr 1205 Cheshire, England [7, 9] Children 1. Margaret Verch LLEWELYN, b. 1204, Caernarvonshire, Walesey, Wales d. Aft 1268, Clifford Castle, Herefordshire, England (Age 65 years)2. Gwladys FERCH LLYWELYN, b. Abt 1205, Caernarfonshire, Wales d. 24 Oct 1251, Windsor, Berkshire, England (Age ~ 46 years)3. Gruffudd Ap LLEWELYN, Prince Of Gwynedd, b. Abt 1206, Gwynedd, Caernarvonshire, Wales d. 1 Mar 1243-1244, Fall From Tower Of London, Middlesex, England (Age ~ 38 years)4. Elen ferch LLEWELYN, Princess Of North Wales, b. 1207, Abergwyngregyn, Gwynedd, Wales d. 1253, Gwynedd, Wales (Age 46 years)5. Angharad ferch LLYWELYN, b. Abt 1212, Caernarfonshire, Wales d. 1260 (Age ~ 48 years)6. Susanna FERCH LLYWELYN, b. 1216 d. Yes, date unknown Family ID F5550 Group Sheet | Family Chart Last Modified 13 Dec 2022
Family 2 Mistress Unknown, b. Abt 1210, Wales, England d. Yes, date unknown Children 1. Helen Verch LLEWELYN, b. Abt 1234, Caernarvonshire, Walesey, Wales d. Aft Feb 1294-1295, Kildrummy Castle, Aberdeenshire, Scotland (Age ~ 61 years)Family ID F5241 Group Sheet | Family Chart Last Modified 29 Aug 2016
Family 3 Joan PLANTAGENET, b. 22 Jul 1190, Newark Castle, Nottinghamshire, England d. Aft 30 Mar 1236, Court Of Aberconway, North Wales (Age 45 years) Marriage 1206 [7, 8, 9] Children 1. Gwladys "Ddu" Verch LLEWELYN, Princess Of Wales, b. Abt 1207, Caemarvonshire, Wales d. 1251, Windsor, Berkshire, England (Age ~ 44 years)2. Angharad Verch LLEWELYN, b. Abt 1209, Caernarvonshire, Walesey, Wales d. Yes, date unknown3. Helen Ellen Verch LLEWELYN, b. Abt 1215, Gynedd, Wales d. Bef 24 Oct 1253, Colne Quincy, Essex, England (Age ~ 38 years)Family ID F2130 Group Sheet | Family Chart Last Modified 29 Aug 2016
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Photos Llywelyn.jpg
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Notes - Llywelyn the Great of Gwynedd
Llywelyn the Great (Welsh: Llywelyn Fawr, [??'w?l?n va??r]), full name Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, (c. 1173 – 11 April 1240) was a King of Gwynedd in north Wales and eventually ruler of all Wales. By a combination of war and diplomacy he dominated Wales for 45 years.
During Llywelyn's childhood, Gwynedd was ruled by two of his uncles, who split the kingdom between them, following the death of Llywelyn's grandfather, Owain Gwynedd, in 1170. Llywelyn had a strong claim to be the legitimate ruler and began a campaign to win power at an early age. He was sole ruler of Gwynedd by 1200 and made a treaty with King John of England that year. Llywelyn's relations with John remained good for the next ten years. He married John's natural daughter Joan in 1205, and when John arrested Gwenwynwyn ap Owain of Powys in 1208, Llywelyn took the opportunity to annex southern Powys. In 1210, relations deteriorated, and John invaded Gwynedd in 1211. Llywelyn was forced to seek terms and to give up all lands east of the River Conwy, but was able to recover them the following year in alliance with the other Welsh princes. He allied himself with the barons who forced John to sign Magna Carta in 1215. By 1216, he was the dominant power in Wales, holding a council at Aberdyfi that year to apportion lands to the other princes.
Following King John's death, Llywelyn concluded the Treaty of Worcester with his successor, Henry III, in 1218. During the next fifteen years, Llywelyn was frequently involved in fights with Marcher lords and sometimes with the king, but also made alliances with several major powers in the Marches. The Peace of Middle in 1234 marked the end of Llywelyn's military career, as the agreed truce of two years was extended year by year for the remainder of his reign. He maintained his position in Wales until his death in 1240 and was succeeded by his son Dafydd ap Llywelyn.
Llywelyn was born about 1173, the son of Iorwerth ab Owain and the grandson of Owain Gwynedd, who had been ruler of Gwynedd until his death in 1170. Llywelyn was a descendant of the senior line of Rhodri Mawr and therefore a member of the princely house of Gwynedd. He was probably born at Dolwyddelan, though not in the present Dolwyddelan Castle, which was built by Llywelyn himself. He may have been born in the old castle which occupied a rocky knoll on the valley floor. Little is known about his father, Iorwerth Drwyndwn, who died when Llywelyn was an infant. There is no record of Iorwerth having taken part in the power struggle between some of Owain Gwynedd's other sons following Owain's death, although he was the eldest surviving son. There is a tradition that he was disabled or disfigured in some way that excluded him from power. J. E. Lloyd states that Iorwerth was killed in battle at Pennant Melangell, in Powys, in 1174 during the wars deciding the succession following the death of his father.
By 1175, Gwynedd had been divided between two of Llywelyn's uncles. Dafydd ab Owain held the area east of the River Conwy and Rhodri ab Owain held the west. Dafydd and Rhodri were the sons of Owain by his second marriage to Cristin verch Goronwy. This marriage was not considered valid by the church as Cristin was Owain's first cousin, a degree of relationship which according to Canon law prohibited marriage. Giraldus Cambrensis refers to Iorwerth Drwyndwn as the only legitimate son of Owain Gwynedd. Following Iorwerth's death, Llywelyn was, at least in the eyes of the church, the legitimate claimant to the throne of Gwynedd.
Llywelyn's mother was Marared, occasionally anglicised to Margaret, daughter of Madog ap Maredudd, prince of Powys. There is evidence that, after her first husband's death, Marared married in the summer of 1197, Gwion, the nephew of Roger Powys of Whittington Castle with whom she had a son, David ap Gwion. Therefore, some maintain that Marared never married into the Corbet family of Caus Castle (near Westbury, Shropshire) and later, Moreton Corbet Castle. However, there is in existence a grant of land from Llywelyn ab Iorworth to the monastery of Wigmore, in which Llywelyn indicates his mother was a member of the house of Corbet, leaving the issue unresolved.
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Following his capture, William de Braose decided to ally himself to Llywelyn, and a marriage was arranged between his daughter Isabella and Llywelyn's heir, Dafydd ap Llywelyn. At Easter 1230, William visited Llywelyn's court. During this visit he was found in Llywelyn's chamber together with Llywelyn's wife Joan. On 2 May, de Braose was hanged; Joan was placed under house arrest for a year. The Brut y Tywysogion chronicler commented: "that year William de Breos the Younger, lord of Brycheiniog, was hanged by the lord Llywelyn in Gwynedd, after he had been caught in Llywelyn's chamber with the king of England's daughter, Llywelyn's wife."
A letter from Llywelyn to William's wife, Eva de Braose, written shortly after the execution enquires whether she still wishes the marriage between Dafydd and Isabella to take place. The marriage did go ahead, and the following year Joan was forgiven and restored to her position as princess.
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Llywelyn married Joan, natural daughter of King John of England, in 1205. Llywelyn and Joan had three identified children in the records but in all probability had more, as Llywelyn's children were fully recognized during his marriage to Joan whilst his father-in-law, King John, was alive. Little is known of Llywelyn's mistress, Tangwystl Goch, except that she was the daughter of Llywarch "Goch" of Rhos. The identity of the mother of some of Llywelyn's children before this union is uncertain, but the following are recorded in contemporary or near-contemporary records.
Children by Joan
1. Dafydd ap Llywelyn (c. 1212– 1246)
2. Elen (Helen) ferch Llywelyn (c. 1206– 1253) married John Earl of Huntington, and secondly Robert de Quincy.
3. Susanna ferch Llywelyn (died after November 1228) King Henry III of England granted the upbringing of "L. princeps Norwallie et Johanna uxor sua et…soror nostra Susannam filiam suam" to "Nicholao de Verdun et Clementie uxori sue" by order dated 24 November 1228. Her birth date is estimated on the assumption that Susanna was under marriageable age, but older than an infant, at the time.
4. Marared ferch Llywelyn (died after 1268), married John de Braose in 1219, and secondly (c. 1232) Walter III de Clifford; she had issue by both husbands.
5. Elen the Younger ferch Llywelyn (born before 1230; died after 16 February 1295), married firstly Máel Coluim II, Earl of Fife (son of Duncan Macduff of Fife and wife Alice Corbet), and secondly (after 1266) Domhnall I, Earl of Mar (son of William, Earl of Mar and first wife Elizabeth Comyn of Buchan). Elen and Domhall's daughter, Isabella of Mar, married Robert, the Bruce, King of Scots and had one child by him, Marjorie Bruce, who was the mother of the first Stewart monarch, Robert II of Scotland.
Children by Tangwystl Goch (died c. 1198)
1. Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (c. 1196– 1244) He was Llywelyn's eldest son. He married Senena, daughter of Caradoc ap Thomas of Anglesey. Their sons included Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, who for a period occupied a position in Wales comparable to that of his grandfather, and Dafydd ap Gruffydd who ruled Gwynedd briefly after his brother's death.
Children whose parentage is uncertain
1. Gwladus Ddu (c. 1206– 1251), probable daughter by Joan. She married Sir Randulph Mortimer
2. Angharad ferch Llywelyn (c. 1212– 1256), probable daughter by Joan; married Maelgwn Fychan
3. Tegwared y Baiswen ap Llywelyn (c. 1215), a son by a woman named as Crysten in some sources, a possible twin of Angharad.
4. Elen the Younger ferch Llywelyn (born before 1230; died after 16 February 1295), married firstly Máel Coluim II, Earl of Fife (son of Duncan Macduff of Fife and wife Alice Corbet), and secondly (after 1266) Domhnall I, Earl of Mar (son of William, Earl of Mar and first wife Elizabeth Comyn of Buchan). Elen and Domhall's daughter, Isabella of Mar, married Robert, the Bruce, King of Scots and had one child by him, Marjorie Bruce, who was the mother of the first Stewart monarch, Robert II of Scotland.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llywelyn_the_Great
- Llywelyn the Great of Gwynedd
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- [S216] Encyclopedia Britannica, Treatise on, UK-Wales Macropaedia p 125 (Reliability: 3).