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Carney & Wehofer Family
Genealogy Pages
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 1407 - 1445 (37 years)
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| Name |
Joan BEAUFORT [1] |
| Suffix |
Queen Consort of Scotland |
| Born |
27 Dec 1407 |
Palace of Westminster, Westminster, Middlesex, England  [1] |
| Gender |
Female |
| TitleOfNobility |
Between 1424 and 1437 |
Scotland [2] |
| Queen of Scotland |
| Assassination attempt |
21 Feb 1437 |
Perth, Scotland [2] |
| survived assassination attempt that killed James I |
| FamilySearch ID |
M72D-PDF |
| Name |
Joan BEAUFORT [2] |
| Residence |
3 Aug 1439 |
Stirling, Aberdeenshire, Scotland [2] |
| Imprisoned in Stirling Castle |
| Buried |
1445 |
Carthusian Monastery, Perth, Perthshire, Scotland [1] |
| Died |
15 Jul 1445 |
Dunbar Castle, Dunbar, Haddingtonshire, Scotland [1] |
| Person ID |
I594767481 |
Carney Wehofer 2024 Genealogy |
| Last Modified |
7 Sep 2024 |
| Father |
Marquess John BEAUFORT, 1st Earl of Somerset, b. 1373, Chateau de Beaufort, Goudet, Haute-Loire, France , d. 16 Mar 1410, St. Catherine's Hospital by the Tower, London, England (Age 37 years) |
| Mother |
Margaret De HOLLAND, Duchess of Clarence, b. 1385, Upholland, Lancashire, England , d. 30 Dec 1439, Bermondsey, Surrey, England (Age 54 years) |
| Married |
1397 |
England [3] |
| Family ID |
F1011 |
Group Sheet | Family Chart |
| Family 1 |
Sir James STEWART, The Black Knight of Lorn, b. 30 Dec 1383, Argyll, Scotland, United Kingdom , d. 1454, Monastery of the Friars Preachers, Perth, Perthshire, Scotland (Age 70 years) |
| Married |
21 Sep 1439 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
| Children |
| | 1. Sir John STEWART, 1st Earl of Atholl, b. 21 Sep 1439, Dufftown District, Banffshire, Scotland , d. 15 Sep 1512, Laighwood Castle, Perth, Perthshire, Scotland (Age 72 years) |
| | 2. Sir James STEWART, Baron Auchterhouse, Earl Of Buchan, Lord Chamberlain, b. 1442, Lorne, Argyllshire, Scotland , d. 1 Jan 1499, Auchterhouse, Forfarshire, Scotland (Age 57 years) |
| | 3. Andrew STEWART, Bishop of Moray, b. 1443, Linduden, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland , d. 29 Sep 1501, Morayshire, Scotland (Age 58 years) |
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| Last Modified |
7 Sep 2024 |
| Family ID |
F536728936 |
Group Sheet | Family Chart |
| Family 2 |
King James I STEWART, of Scotland, b. 25 Jul 1394, Dunfermline Palace, Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland , d. 21 Feb 1437, Monastery of the Friars Preachers, Perth, Perthshire, Scotland (Age 42 years) |
| Married |
2 Feb 1424 |
St. Mary, Overy, Southwark, Surrey, London, England [4] |
| Children |
| | 1. Margaret STEWART, Princess Of Scotland, Dauphine of France, b. 24 Dec 1424, Perth, Perthshire, Scotland , d. 16 Aug 1445, Chalons, Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France (Age 20 years) |
| | 2. Isabella STEWART, Duchess of Brittany, b. 1 Oct 1426, Perth, Perthshire, Scotland , d. 13 Oct 1494, Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland (Age 68 years) |
| | 3. Lady Eleanor STEWART, Princess of Scotland Archduchess Consort of Austria, b. 26 Oct 1427, Castle Perth, Perthshire, Scotland , d. 20 Nov 1480, Innsbruck, Innsbruck Stadt, Tirol, Austria (Age 53 years) |
| | 4. Joan STEWART, b. 1 Nov 1428, Holyrood, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland , d. 22 Jun 1493, Dalkeith, Edinburghshire, Scotland, United Kingdom (Age 64 years) |
| | 5. Mary STEWART, Countess of Buchan, b. 1429, Castle Perth, Perthshire, Scotland , d. 20 Mar 1465, Kastel Sandenburch, Veere, Veere, Zeeland, Nederland (Age 36 years) |
| | 6. Alexander STEWART, Duke of Rothesay, b. 16 Oct 1430, Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Mid Lothian, Scotland , d. 16 Oct 1430, Edinburgh Castle, Midlothian, Scotland (Age 0 years) |
| | 7. King James II STEWART, of Scotland, b. 16 Oct 1430, Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland , d. 3 Aug 1460, Roxburgh Castle, Kelso, Roxburghshire, Scotland (Age 29 years) |
| | 8. Lady Annabella Beaufort STEWART, Princess of Scotland, b. 1432, Holyrood, Midlothian, Scotland , d. 27 Jun 1509, Roxburgh Castle, Roxburgh, Scotland (Age 77 years) |
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| Last Modified |
2 Jan 2023 |
| Family ID |
F536728933 |
Group Sheet | Family Chart |
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| Notes |
- Family
Joan was the eldest daughter of John Beaufort, 1st earl of Somerset and his wife Margaret de Holand (later duchess of Clarence),[1][2] and a granddaughter of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster and fourth son of Edward III of England.[3][4] The date of her birth is unknown, although it is presumed to have been after her parents marriage in 1397, and it may have been significantly later.[5] She had four brothers and one younger sister.[5] Joan was brought up (probably in her mother's household) in the very highest social and political circles of the Lancastrian government.[6]
Marriage to James I, King of Scots
Joan married in February 1423/4 at St Mary Overy Church in Southwark, Surrey, James I, king of Scots.[1][7] James was required under the terms of the treaty by which he was to be released from his captivity in England to marry "an English woman of noble birth," but Joan also happened to be the love of his life. He wrote an epic poem, The Kingis Quair, before their marriage describing their courtship from the first glimpse he had of her from the window of his prison.[4] He wrote passionately of his hopes increasing "day by day" (st. 181); his "long pain and true service in love" (st. 188) which eventually led to his love being reciprocated; and of his "long and true continuance in love and true service" (st. 192) to this beautiful woman.[8] Throughout the rest of his lifetime, James remained devoted to two things: his queen, and saving his kingdom from anarchy.[9] His love for his wife remained constant always, he was one of a very few Scottish kings who had no mistresses and no illegitimate children.[10] The marriage appeared to be a very happy one.[11]
There were eight children from this marriage:
Margaret Stewart; b. c1424;[12][13] m. 24 Jun 1436 Louis XI, Dauphine (later king) of France;[13][14] d. 16 Aug 1445[12][14]
Isabella Stewart; b. 1426;[15] m. 30 Oct 1442 Francois I, duke of Brittany;[16][13] d. 1498/9[15]
Joan Stewart; b. c1428;[17] m. bef. 15 May 1459 James Douglas, 1st earl of Morton;[17][18] d. aft. 16 Oct 1486[18][19]
Alexander Stewart, duke of Rothesay; b. 16 Oct 1430;[20][14] d. young[14][21]
James II of Scotland; b. 16 Oct 1430;[22][23] m. 3 Jul 1449 Mary of Guelders;[24][25] d. 3 Aug 1460[26][27]
Mary Stewart; m. 25 Jul 1444 Wolfart van Borsselen, count of Grandpré, lord Campvere in Zealand;[28][29][30] d. 20 Mar 1465[28][19]
Eleanor Stewart; m. 8 Sep 1448/9 Sigismund von Tirol, duke of Austria;[31][14] d. 20 Nov 1480[31][19]
Annabelle Stewart; m(1) Louis de Savoie, count of Geneva;[32][33] m(2) bef. 10 Mar 1459 George Gordon, 2nd earl of Huntly[34][13]
Queen of Scots
Almost immediately following the wedding festivities the couple began their journey north to Scotland, and on 21 May 1424 at Scone James was crowned King of Scots by the bishop of St Andrews, "in the presence of the bishops, prelates, and magnates of the kingdom," and Joan was crowned that same day as his queen.[2] Although she apparently did not receive a customary landed settlement at her coronation, she was granted some rights of patronage.[6] Her favorite residence seems to have been the palace at Linlithgow, as she gave a gratuity to the masons who built it, and granted the mastership of the nearby hospital of Mary Magdalene to her own chaplain.[11]
In the early years of her marriage, her involvement in the political affairs of the kingdom was limited by a series of pregnancies.[6] That began to change, however, in 1428, when the king required that all magnates (when they succeeded to their land) take an oath of loyalty to the queen as well as to himself.[6] Her signature appears on the document which ratified an alliance with France that same year.[6] From that point on, Queen Joan appears to have frequently traveled with her husband, received an annuity of £350, and was granted lands by the king which included a number of major lordships in Perthshire.[6] In 1435, James ordered that the estates give her their "letter of retinence and fidelity," signaling his intent that she be given the position of regent for their son, in the event of his own death.[6]
When her husband was brutally assassinated on 21 February 1437 (for further details see the profile of James I), Joan herself was wounded twice as she tried to protect him from the attackers.[35][36][37] Despite her wounds, in the following days the queen successfully mobilized the king's supporters and directed a relentless manhunt for the murderers.[38] They were all hunted down and executed within forty days.[11]
Queen Dowager/Queen Mother
Joan suddenly found herself a widow with seven young children still in her care (the oldest being only eleven years of age), one of them her six year old son who immediately succeeded his father as king of Scots. In the ensuing power struggle over control of the young king (and therefore over the government of Scotland), three factors weighed heavily against the Queen Mother: 1) she was a woman; 2) she was English; and 3) she was closely associated with her husband's policies, and he had acquired some powerful enemies.[6]
Initially, Joan was able to remain in charge of the children and, in consultation with the king's General Council, maintain stability in the government in the immediate aftermath of the king's murder.[39] Before long, however, a long standing conflict broke out between Alexander Livingston, governor of Stirling Castle, and William Crichton, governor of Edinburgh Castle, who each had ambitions to take over the government and therefore needed to have control over the young king.[40][41] The Queen Mother found herself increasingly in need of a protector, and she also needed to solidify her position in Perthshire where most of her own lands were. In the summer of 1439, she married Sir James Stewart, the Black Knight of Lorn, from a family with extensive lands and influence in Perthshire.[42] Livingston reacted to the marriage by seizing the Queen Mother and her new husband and imprisoning them at Stirling Castle for a month (throwing Joan's husband and his brother into the dungeon), until Joan was forced to sign a formal document giving sole custody of James to himself, giving up her own dowry to be used for her son's maintenance, and forfeiting Stirling Castle (which was to be her young son's residence).[11][6][43]
Marriage to James Stewart, Black Knight of Lorn
Joan, Queen Dowager of Scots, married in (most likely the summer of) 1439 Sir James Stewart, Black Knight of Lorn, a younger son of Isabel of Lorn and Sir John Stewart of Innermeath.[44] They were granted a papal dispensation on 21 September 1439 to remain married despite being in the third and fourth degrees of kindred,[44] which stipulated that any children born or to be born from the marriage were legitimate but that the survivor of the two of them would never be permitted to remarry.[45]
There were three children from this marriage:
John Stewart, 1st earl of Atholl, lord of Balvany; b. c.1440;[46][47] m (1) bef. 25 Mar 1460 Margaret Douglas;[46][47] m(2) bef. 19 Apr 1475 Eleanor Sinclair;[46][47] d. 15 Sep 1512[46][47]
James Stewart of Auchterhouse, High Chamberlain of Scotland, earl of Buchan; m. bef. 19 Apr 1457 Margaret Ogilvy;[48][49] d. bef. 23 Jan 1499/1500[48][49]
Andrew Stewart, lord of the Privy Seal, bishop of Moray; d. 29 Sep 1501[50][47]
Death
Despite Livingston's efforts, the Queen Dowager retained the loyalty of many of James I's supporters and continued to oppose Livingston's faction, never giving up her attempts to regain custody of her children.[51][6] In June 1445, with her supporters under attack she was forced to take refuge in Dunbar Castle, where she died the following month on 15 July 1445.[51][6][52] Joan, Queen Dowager of Scots, was buried beside King James I at the Charterhouse of the Carthusian Priory at Perth.[44]
Sir James Stewart, Black Knight of Lorn, escaped to England with their three young sons.[44][6]
Sources
? 1.0 1.1 Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 1, pp. 656-662 BRUS 12. James I of Scotland
? 2.0 2.1 Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), p. 187
? Laing, David. Historical Notices of the Family of King James I of Scotland. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, vol. 3 (1857), p. 89.
? 4.0 4.1 Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. The Royal Stewarts. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (1914), pp. 31-32
? 5.0 5.1 Richardson, Douglas. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 4, pp. 645-648 SOMERSET 11. John Beaufort.
? 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 Brown, M.H. Joan [née Joan Beaufort]. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online edition (23 Sep 2004), available here by subscription.
? Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), p. 187
? Brown, J.T.T. Authorship of the 'Kingis Quair,'[Transactions of the Glasgow Archeological Society n.s.3 (1899), p. 141.
? MacKenzie, Agnes Mure. The Rise of the Stewarts. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, Ltd. (1935), repr. 1957, pp. 146.
? MacKay, Aeneas James George. James I of Scotland. Dictionary of National Biography, vol. 29.
? 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Mackay, Aeneas James George.Jane or Johanna. Dictionary of National Biography archive edition (1891).
? 12.0 12.1 Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 1, pp. 658-659 BRUS 12.i. Margaret Stewart
? 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Paul, James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1904), vol. 1, p. 19.
? 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), p. 191.
? 15.0 15.1 Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 1, p. 659 BRUS 12.ii Isabel Stewart
? Burnett, George (ed). Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1882), vol. 5 (1437-1454), vol. 5, preface pp. lvii-lviii.
? 17.0 17.1 Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 1, p. 659 BRUS 12.iii. Joan Stewart
? 18.0 18.1 Paul, James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1904), vol. 6, p.356.
? 19.0 19.1 19.2 Weir, Alison. Britain's Royal Families. London: The Bodley Head (1989), pp. 230-233.
? Thomson, Thomas. The Auchinleek Chronicle. Edinburgh: The Library at Auchinleek, Ayrshire (1819), part 2, p. 160.
? Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 1, p. 659 BRUS 12.iv. Alexander Stewart.
? Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 1, pp. 662-667 BRUS 13. James II of Scotland.
? Balfour, Sir James. The Annales of Scotland MCVII-MDCIII. Edinburgh: W. Aitchison (1824), vol. 1, p. 160 (1430).
? Balfour, Sir James. The Annales of Scotland MCVII-MDCIII. Edinburgh: W. Aitchison (1824), vol. 1, p. 176 (1448).
? Thomson, Thomas (ed.) The Auchinleck Chronicle. Edinburgh: Library at Auchinleck, Ayrshire (1819), part 2: A Short Chronicle of the Reign of James the Second, King of Scots, p. 41.
? Burnett, George (ed.) Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1883), vol. 6 (1455-1460), preface p. lxiv.
? Paul, Sir James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1904), vol. 1, p. 20.
? 28.0 28.1 Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 1, p. 660 BRUS 12.vi. Mary Stewart
? Burnett, George (ed). Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1882), vol. 5 (1437-1454), vol. 5, preface p. lxii.
? Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), p. 192
? 31.0 31.1 Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 1, p. 600, BRUS 12.vii. Eleanor Stewart.
? Burnett, George (ed). Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland). Edinburgh: General Register House (1882), vol. 5 (1437-1454), vol. 5, preface p. lxii.
? Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 1, pp. 660-661BRUS 12.viii. Annabelle Stewart
? Paul, James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1907), vol. 4, pp. 528-529.
? Sandford, Francis (Lancaster Herald of Arms). A Genealogical History of the Kings of England. Thomas Newcomb, printer (1677), p. 316.
? Henderson, Thomas Finlayson. The Royal Stewarts. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (1914), p. 43
? Kennedy, Matthew. A Chronological Genealogical and Historical Dissertation of the Royal Family of the Stuarts. Paris: Lewis Coignard Printer (1705), p. 209.
? MacKenzie, Agnes Mure. The Rise of the Stewarts. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, Ltd. (1935), repr. 1957, p. 183.
? Downie, Fiona. She Is But A Woman: Queenship in Scotland 1424-1463. Edinburgh: John Donald Pub (2006), p. 101.
? Ashely, Mike. The Mammoth Book of British Kings and Queens. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, Inc. ((1998), pp. 559-560.
? Mackay, Aeneas J.G. Dictionary of National Biography Online. James II of Scotland.
? Downie, Fiona. She Is But A Woman: Queenship in Scotland 1424-1463. Edinburgh: John Donald Pub (2006), p. 144.
? Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), p. 196.
? 44.0 44.1 44.2 44.3 Richardson, Douglas. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 5, p. 41 STEWART 12. James Stewart.
? Bain, Joseph. Notes on a Dispensation for the Marriage of Johanna Beaufort with the Black Knight of Lorn. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, vol. 16 (1881-2), pp. 174-175.
? 46.0 46.1 46.2 46.3 Richardson, Douglas. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 5, pp. 42-44 STEWART 13. John Stewart, Knt.
? 47.0 47.1 47.2 47.3 47.4 Paul, Sir James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1904), vol. 1, pp. 440-442.
? 48.0 48.1 Richardson, Douglas. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 5, pp. 41-42 STEWART 12.ii. James Stewart.
? 49.0 49.1 Paul, Sir James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1904), [Paul, Sir James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1904), vol. 4, pp.266-267.
? Richardson, Douglas. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 5, p. 42 STEWART 12.iii. Andrew Stewart
? 51.0 51.1 Ewan, Elizabeth (ed.) The New Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Women. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press (2018), p. 219.
? Thomson, Thomas. Annales of Scotland in The Auchinleek Chronicles. Edinburgh: The Library at Auchinleck, Ayrshire (1819), A.D. 1446, pp. 174-175.
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| Sources |
- [S1160] FamilySearch Family Tree (http://www.familysearch.org), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, ((http://www.familysearch.org)), accessed 2 Jan 2023), entry for Annabella Beaufort Stewart, person ID 9HR4-RTV. (Reliability: 3).
- [S1160] FamilySearch Family Tree (http://www.familysearch.org), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, ((http://www.familysearch.org)), accessed 2 Jan 2023), entry for Joan Beaufort, person ID M72D-PDF. (Reliability: 3).
- [S1160] FamilySearch Family Tree (http://www.familysearch.org), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, ((http://www.familysearch.org)), accessed 2 Jan 2023), entry for John de Beaufort, person ID 9HTZ-YQ8. (Reliability: 3).
- [S1160] FamilySearch Family Tree (http://www.familysearch.org), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, ((http://www.familysearch.org)), accessed 2 Jan 2023), entry for James I Stewart, person ID LZ6T-WZ8. (Reliability: 3).
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