Thomas HOLLAND, 2nd Earl of Kent b. 1350 Upholland, Lancashire, England d. 25 Apr 1397 Arundel Castle, Arundel, Sussex, England: Our Family History

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Genealogy Pages

1350 - 1397 (47 years)

Name	Thomas HOLLAND [1, 2]
Suffix	2nd Earl of Kent
Born	1350	Upholland, Lancashire, England [1, 2]
Gender	Male
FamilySearch ID	LBXV-7R4
Sir Thomas de Holland	25 Apr 1397	Bourne, South Kesteven District, Lincolnshire, England [3]
Title	[3]
	Baron of Holland
Occupation	[3]
	7th Earl of Kent (Dec 1360), 6th Lord Wake and Woodstock (Aug 1385), Marshall of England, Constable of Corfe Castle, Governor of Carisbroke Castle; K.G.
Occupation	[3]
	Earl of Kent
Died	25 Apr 1397	Arundel Castle, Arundel, Sussex, England [1, 2]
Buried	Aft 25 Apr 1397	Bourne, Lincolnshire, England [1, 2]
Person ID	I594767504	Carney Wehofer 2024 Genealogy
Last Modified	7 Sep 2024

Father	Thomas HOLLAND, 1st Earl of Kent, b. Abt 1314, Upholland, Lancashire, England , d. 26 Dec 1360, Rouen, Seine-Maritime, Upper Normandy, France (Age ~ 46 years)
Mother	Joan of Kent PLANTAGENET, b. 29 Sep 1326, Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England , d. 7 Aug 1385, Wallingford, Berkshire, England (Age 58 years)
Married	1340	Kent, England [4]
Family ID	F536728940	Group Sheet \| Family Chart

Family Countess Alice FITZALAN, b. Abt 1352, Arundel Castle, Sussex, England , d. 17 Mar 1416, Brockenhurst, Hampshire, England (Age ~ 64 years)

Married 10 Apr 1364 Arundel Castle, Sussex, England [1]

Children

	1. Alianore DE HOLLAND, b. 13 Oct 1370, Upholland, Lancashire, England , d. 23 Oct 1405, Bisham, Berkshire, England (Age 35 years)
	2. Thomas HOLLAND, Duke of Surrey, b. 1374, England , d. 7 Jan 1400, England (Age 26 years)
	3. Joan HOLLAND, b. 1380, Upholland, Lancashire, England , d. 12 Apr 1434, King's Langley, Hertfordshire, England (Age 54 years)
	4. Sir Edmund HOLLAND, Earl Of Kent, b. 6 Jan 1382, Brockenhurst, Kent, England , d. 15 Sep 1408, Ile DE Brehant, Cotes-Du-Nord, France (Age 26 years)
	5. Margaret De HOLLAND, Duchess of Clarence, b. 1385, Upholland, Lancashire, England , d. 30 Dec 1439, Bermondsey, Surrey, England (Age 54 years)
	6. Eleanor HOLLAND, Countess of Salisbury, b. 1386, Upholland, Lancashire, England , d. Aft 1413, Bisham Manor, Berkshire, England (Age 28 years)
	7. Elizabeth DE HOLLAND, b. 1388, Upholland, Lancashire, England , d. 4 Jan 1423, Durham, England (Age 35 years)
	8. Bridget HOLLAND, b. 1390, Upholland, LAN, England , d. Yes, date unknown

Last Modified 2 Jan 2023

Family ID F536728938 Group Sheet | Family Chart

Photos
Holland Coat of Arms

Notes

Thomas Holland (also known as de Holland), 2nd Earl of Kent, 3rd Baron Holand KG (1350/1354-25 April 1397) was an English nobleman and a councillor of his half-brother, King Richard II of England.

Family and early Life
Thomas Holland (or de Holand) was born in Upholand, Lancashire, in 1350 or 1354 (sources differ on his birth year). He was the eldest surviving son of Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent, and Joan "The Fair Maid of Kent". His mother was a daughter of Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent, and Margaret Wake. Edmund was in turn a son of Edward I of England and his second Queen consort Marguerite of France, and thus a younger half-brother of Edward II of England.

His father died in 1360, and later that year, on 28 December, Thomas became Baron Holand. His mother was still Countess of Kent in her own right, and in 1361 she married Edward, the Black Prince, the son of King Edward III.

Military career
At sixteen, in 1366, Holland was appointed captain of the English forces in Aquitaine. Over the next decade he fought in various campaigns, including the Battle of Nájera, under the command of his stepfather Edward, the Black Prince. He was made a Knight of the Garter in 1375.

Richard II became king in 1377, and soon Holland acquired great influence over his younger half-brother, which he used for his own enrichment. In 1381, he succeeded as Earl of Kent.

Later years and death
Prior to his death, Holland was appointed Governor of Carisbrooke Castle. Holland died at Arundel Castle, Sussex, England on 25 April 1397.

Marriage and children
On 10 April 1364 Holland married Lady Alice FitzAlan, daughter of Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel by his wife Eleanor of Lancaster. Lady Alice was later named as a Lady of the Garter. By his wife he had three sons and six daughters. All the sons died without legitimate children, whereupon the daughters and their issue became co-heiresses to the House of Holland. The children were as follows:

Sons
1.) Thomas Holland, 3rd Earl of Kent, 1st Duke of Surrey (1374-7 January 1400), eldest son and heir, created Duke of Surrey. Died without children.

2.) Edmund Holland, 4th Earl of Kent (6 January 1384-15 September 1408), heir to his elder brother. Died without legitimate children, but had an illegitimate child by his mistress Constance of York.

3.) John Holland, died without children

Daughters
By his daughters' marriages, he became the ancestor of many of the prominent figures in the Wars of the Roses, including Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York (father of Kings Edward IV and Richard III), Henry Tudor (later King Henry VII), and Warwick the Kingmaker, father of queen consort Anne Neville. He was also an ancestor of queen consort Catherine Parr, the sixth and last wife of King Henry VIII. His daughters were as follows:

1.) Eleanor I Holland (1373-October 1405), (who bore the same first name as her younger sister, alias Alianore) married twice:
Firstly to Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March (1374-1398), heir presumptive to his mother's first cousin King Richard II (1377-1399). Her only child and sole heiress to the Mortimer claim was Anne Mortimer. Following the deposition of Richard II in 1399 by his own first cousin, the Lancastrian Henry Bolingbroke, (who ruled as King Henry IV (1399-1413), Anne Mortimer's claim to the throne of England was pursued by her son Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York (1411-1460) which drawn-out struggle formed the basis of the Wars of the Roses.
Secondly she married Edward Charleton, 5th Baron Cherleton

2.) Joan Holland (c. 1380-2 April 1434), married Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York

3.) Margaret Holland (1385-31 December 1439), married first John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, and second Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence

4.) Elizabeth Holland, who married Sir John Neville (c.1387 -before 20 May 1420), eldest son and heir of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland, and by him had three sons, Ralph Neville, 2nd Earl of Westmorland, John Neville, Baron Neville, and Sir Thomas Neville, and a daughter, Margaret Neville.

5.) Eleanor II Holland (1386-after 1413), (who bore the same first name as her eldest sister, alias Alianore) married Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury

6.) Bridget Holland, who became a nun

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Holland,_2nd_Earl_of_Kent

Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent, 3rd Baron Holand (1350 – 25 April 1397) was an English nobleman and a councilor of his half-brother Richard II.[1]

Knight of the Garter - 1376.[2]

Thomas Holland (or de Holand) was born in Upholand, Lancashire[1] in 1350 "(aged 9 or 10 in 1360, aged 30 in 1385)."[3]

Holland died at Arundel Castle, Sussex, England on 25 April 1397.

He was the eldest surviving son of Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent and Joan "The Fair Maid of Kent".[1][4]

Thomas was the elder son of Thomas Holland, earl of Kent (c.1315-1360), and Joan (c.1328-1385), daughter of Edmund of Woodstock, earl of Kent,[5] and Margaret Wake.[citation needed] Edmund was in turn a son of Edward I of England and his second Queen consort Marguerite of France, and thus a younger half-brother of Edward II of England.[1]

After an early career soldiering abroad, Holland became one of the less spectacular props of Richard II's regime, established mainly on the south coast, in and around Hampshire. He had a younger brother, John Holland, Earl of Huntingdon (c.1352-1400), and two sisters, Maud (d. 1392), wife to Hugh Courtenay and then Waleran, count of St Pol, and Joan (d. 1384), wife to John de Montfort, Duke of Brittany. Perhaps most significantly, the second marriage in 1361 of his mother, Joan, to Edward, the Black Prince, meant that Holland had a younger half-brother, the future king Richard II.[5]

His father died in 1360, and later that year, on 28 December, Thomas became Baron Holand. His mother was still Countess of Kent in her own right.[1]

At sixteen, in 1366, Holland was appointed captain of the English forces in Aquitaine. Over the next decade, he fought in various campaigns, including the Battle of Nájera, under the command of his stepfather Edward, the Black Prince. He was made a Knight of the Garter in 1375.[1]

"Thomas Holland's early career from 1366 was spent in military service abroad, first in Spain and then in France. He was knighted by his stepfather and godfather, the Black Prince, at Vitoria in Castile in 1367, and was made a Knight of the Garter in 1376. His power and influence were restricted by the fact that his mother, Joan, held the estates of the Kent inheritance in her own right until her death in 1385. To help offset this somewhat, Thomas was married c.1364 to Alice (c.1350-1416), daughter of Richard (II) Fitzalan, the wealthy earl of Arundel; Alice's dowry was 4000 marks, and the Black Prince enfeoffed the couple with lands worth 500 marks in three Yorkshire manors."[5]

Richard II became king in 1377, and soon Holland acquired great influence over his younger half-brother, which he used for his own enrichment. In 1381, he actually succeeded as Earl of Kent.[1]

Holland married Alice FitzAlan (daughter of Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel) on 10 April 1364.[1] They had 11 children, 8 surviving.[citation needed]

Through the marriages of his daughters, he became the ancestor of many of the prominent figures in the Wars of the Roses, including Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York and Warwick the Kingmaker. He was also an ancestor of queen consort Catherine Parr, the sixth and final wife of King Henry VIII.[1]
Family

Wife: Lady Alice FitzAlan married "Thomas de Holand, 2nd/5th Earl of Kent, son of Thomas de Holand, 1st Earl of Kent and Joan of Kent, Countess of Kent, circa 10 April 1364"[6]

Born "circa 1350 at Arundel Castle, Arundel, Sussex, England"[7] to Richard FitzAlan, 3rd/10th Earl of Arundel and Lady Eleanor Plantagenet.[8]

Holland's widow, Alice, remained constable of Corfe Castle until 1407 and then retired to Beaulieu Abbey; she died on 17 March 1416.[5]

Children:
Thomas had nine children:[5]

Thomas Holland, later earl of Kent and Duke of Surrey[9]
Richard (d. c.1396)
Edmund Holland, later earl of Kent,[10] fathered an illegitimate child (Eleanor Holand) by Constance of York, daughter of Edmund of Langley[11]
Eleanor (d. 1405) who married Roger (VII) Mortimer, earl of March, and then Edward Charlton, Baron Charlton of Powys[12]
Joan (d. 1434), who married first Edmund, duke of York, second William, Baron Willoughby, third Henry Scrope, Baron Scrope of Masham, and fourth Henry Bromflete, Baron Vessy[13]
Margaret (d. 1439), who married John Beaufort, earl of Somerset, and then Thomas, duke of Clarence[14]
Eleanor (d. c.1420), who married Thomas Montagu, earl of Salisbury[15]
Elizabeth (d. 1423), who married John, Baron Neville[16]
Bridget, a nun.

Burial

Thomas de Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent[17] was buried at Bourne Abbey, Bourne, Lincolnshire, England.[citation needed]

Coat of Arms and Seal

Undated seal of Thomas de Holand, Earl of Kent

A shield of arms, couché: three lions passant guardant in pale, within a bordure [Holand]. Crest on a helmet, lambrequin and chapeau, a lion statant guardant, crowned. Within a traced gothic pane. In place of the legend, a wavy sprig of foliage and flowers.[18]

Arms of Thomas: England and a bordure argent.[citation needed]

Research Notes

Additional information about his birth (c1350), from a 2018 comment regarding a database error:

"The Hollands, Dukes of Exeter, Earls of Kent and Huntingdon, 1352-1475. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ff873c44-1488-4918-8ccd-586a7ff94caf/download_file?safe_filename=602323386.pdf&file_format=application%2Fpdf&type_of_work=Thesis, Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Faculty of Modern History in the University of Oxford, Hilary Term 1987. Has numerous citations for sources and cites Thomas 2nd date of birth in 1350. This is also verified by the fact that Thomas 1st was gone on Crusades and reclaimed his wife upon return. Their marriage was confirmed in 1349, and Otto Holland was present at the christening as Godfather to Thomas 2nd in 1350. Otto Holland was imprisoned in July of 1350 so Thomas 2nd's birth was most likely between January and July." ~ Marcure-3

Sources

? 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Source: Thomas Holland (#Wikipedia)
? Knights of the Garter (Heraldica list)
? Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols., ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City, Utah: the author, 2013), Volume III, page 433 KENT #10. Thomas de Holand, K.G., 2nd Earl of Kent
? noted as son of Thomas Holland by #ODNB and son of Joan by #MedLands
? 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Source: #ODNB
? The Peerage (Lady FitzAlan, #Peerage), citing
Mosley, Charles, editor. Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes. Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003
? The Peerage (#Peerage), citing
Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 93. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families.
? The Peerage (Lady FitzAlan, #Peerage), citing
Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume XII/2, page 899.
#Weir, page 78.
? another #unnamed_source had "1st Duke of Surrey (1374 – 7 January 1400), who succeeded him"
? another #unnamed_source had "4th Earl of Kent (6 January 1384 – 15 September 1408), had a child by Constance of York"
? Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols., ed. Kimball G. Everingham, (Salt Lake City, Utah: the author, 2013), Vol V, p 197
? another #unnamed_source had "Alianore Holland (1373 – October 1405), married first Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March and second Edward Charleton, 5th Baron Cherleton"
? another #unnamed_source had "(ca. 1380– 12 April 1434), married Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York"
? another #unnamed_source had "(1385 – 31 December 1439), married first John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset and second Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence"
? another #unnamed_source had "(1386- after 1413) married Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury"
? another #unnamed_source had "(1388 - 1423), married Sir John Neville (c.1387 – before 20 May 1420), eldest son and heir of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland, and by him had three sons, Ralph Neville, 2nd Earl of Westmorland, John Neville, Baron Neville, and Sir Thomas Neville, and a daughter, Margaret Neville.[8]"
? Ancestry; Royal and Noble Genealogical Data] by Brian Tompsett Copyright 1994-2001, Version March 25, 2001; CNTC Angela Lady Buchan Hepburn of Smeaton and Hepburn, Obtained digital photo in Lady Hepburn's house (Grander's Cottage) July 2009; Descent of Sir Archibald banister Buchan-Hepburn of Smeaton - Hepburn near Prestonkirk and Letham Houseco. Haddington, Baronet from Henry III and Edward III, Kings of England and James II of Scotland
? Source: #MCA

Sources

[S1160] FamilySearch Family Tree (http://www.familysearch.org), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, ((http://www.familysearch.org)), accessed 13 Dec 2022), entry for Alice FITZALAN, person ID GFXB-2PL. (Reliability: 3).
[S1160] FamilySearch Family Tree (http://www.familysearch.org), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, ((http://www.familysearch.org)), accessed 2 Jan 2023), entry for Margaret Holland, person ID LD79-5VT. (Reliability: 3).
[S1160] FamilySearch Family Tree (http://www.familysearch.org), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, ((http://www.familysearch.org)), accessed 2 Jan 2023), entry for Thomas Holland, person ID LBXV-7R4. (Reliability: 3).
[S1160] FamilySearch Family Tree (http://www.familysearch.org), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, ((http://www.familysearch.org)), accessed 2 Jan 2023), entry for Thomas Holland, person ID M9WP-FX4. (Reliability: 3).