Richard "Kingmaker" NEVILLE, Earl Of Warwick

Other Events:

• Earl of Warwick: , Warwick Castle, Warwickshire, England
• Name: 11th Earl Of SALISBURY
• Name: 16th Earl Of WARWICK
• Name: Kingmaker
• _UID: 4DF535CCB8AF4E69AB5A0C06926B31F59B63

Notes:

The Nevilles were for a time in the 14th and 15th centuries the most powerful house in England. In the person of Richard Neville, 16th and 1st Earl of Warwick (the "Kingmaker"), a member of the family even disposed of the crown. And through the marriage of one of the Kingmaker's daughters with a Plantagenet his great-grandchildren, who bore the surname Pole, had a better legal right to the throne than the Tudors. They were accordingly regarded by Henry VIII as one of the most serious dynastic threats to his ascendancy.....

This Neville-Percy rivalry dominated not just the North, but all England. The Neville's power was largely broken by the failure of the Rebellion of the Northern Earls in 1569, however, and unlike the Percys they hardly recovered until the 20th century, during which they have been conspicuous as courtiers. [Burke's Peerage]

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BARONY OF MONTAGU (VIII) 1460

EARLDOM OF SALISBURY (XI, 6) 1460 to 1471

EARLDOM OF WARWICK (XVI, 16 & 1) 1449 and 1450

RICHARD NEVILLE, 1st son and heir apparent of Richard (NEVILLE), EARL OF SALISBURY, by Alice, suo jure COUNTESS OF SALISBURY [1337], also (according to modern doctrine) BARONESS MONTAGU (1299], MONTHERMER [1309] and MONTAGU [1357], daughter and heir of Thomas (MONTAGU), 4th EARL OF SALISBURY, was born 22 November 1428; knighted before 6 August 1445, when he was appointed, with his father and younger brother Thomas, Joint Master Forester of the Forests of Blackburn and Bowland and joint steward of the Honor of Pontefract, all in the Duchy of Lancaster; Joint Warden, with his father, of Carlisle and the West Marches towards Scotland, 4 April 1446. In consequence of his marriage, he succeeded in right of his wife (according to the then doctrine of the exclusion of the half-blood), on the death, 3 January 1448/9, of her niece, Anne, presumably suo
jure Countess of Warwick, to the bulk of the great estates of the Earldom of Warwick. He and his wife Anne, accordingly, also for his "good service about the king's person and in Scotland on the
punishment of the king's enemies there at his own costs, he being still in his minority," were confirmed, 23 July 1449, in the estate and title of EARL OF WARWICK, remainder to the heirs of Anne, with all the "preeminences" (i.e. that of Premier Earl) that any of Anne's ancestors, as Earls of Warwick, used before the creation of Henry as Duke of Warwick. This patent of confirmation he resigned and on 2 March 1449/50 he was created EARL OF WARWICK and she COUNTESS OF WARWICK, each for their life, with all the privileges, &c., granted by the preceding patent, "though they have no issue at present," with remainder after the death of both to the heirs of the body of the said Anne, and in case she should die s.p., then to Margaret, Countess of Shrewsbury, and the heirs male of her body, remainder to the heirs general of her body, remainder to the right heirs of (her father) Richard, late Earl of Warwick. He also styled himself jure uxoris LORD BERGAVENNY, of which castle and Honor he was de facto in possession; he was recognized as hereditary Sheriff of Worcestershire, 1450-70; and the hereditary office of Chamberlain of the Exchequer was confirmed to him and his wife and her heirs, 6 Dec. 1450, when he was admitted jure uxoris as such Chamberlain. For his good service and attendance on the King's person in his journey into Kent against the Duke of York early in 1452, he received a pardon of all intrusions, fines, &c., and a grant of ?300, 17 March 1451/2. He became P.C. before 6 December 1453; was re-appointed, with his father, Joint Warden of the West Marches towards Scotland, 20 December 1453; and was a Commissioner to create and invest Prince Edward as Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester, 13 April 1454. After the recovery of Henry VI from madness he became a staunch Yorkist and at the 1st battle of St. Albans, 22 May 1455, "had the good fortune to decide the day and win somewhat easily a military reputation." He was rewarded, 31 May, with the Stewardship, &c., of Monmouth and the Three Castles (i.e. Grosmont, Skenfrith, and Whitecastle), and, 4 August 1455, with the important post of Captain of Calais. Being further commissioned, 3 October 1457, "to go on the sea . . . and govern the same , he fought two considerable naval actions with the Spaniards, on 29 May 1458 and in the summer of 1459, and, somewhat piratically, attacked a Hanseatic fleet in time of truce for refusing to strike their flags in the King's name, as to which a public enquiry was ordered, 31 July 1458. He and his father took an active part in the proposed reconciliation between Henry VI and the Yorkists and they walked in the "love-day" procession to St. Paul's, 25 March 1458. On the renewal of the war he crossed from Calais and after the Yorkist victory at Blore Heath, 23 September 1459, joined their troops at Ludford, by Ludlow; but after the King's approach, 12 October, they dispersed and Warwick, with his father, the Earl of March and Sir John Wenlock, fled to North Devon and thence by ship via Guernsey to Calais, where they arrived, 2 November. The Yorkist leaders, including Warwick and Salisbury, were attainted by the Parliament that met at Coventry, 20 November 1459. The following year the Earls landed in Kent and reached London, 2 July. Leaving his father to secure London, Warwick defeated the Lancastrians at Northampton, 10 July 1460, and captured Henry VI, whom he brought to London, 16 July. In that King's name he was confirmed as Captain of Calais, 5 August, appointed Governor of the Channel Isles, 8 August, and nominated K.G. circa September 1460. By Act of Parliament October 1460, annulling the proceedings of the Coventry Parliament of 1459, he was restored; an he bore the sword before the captive King to St. Paul's, 1 November 1460, at the thanksgiving procession on the compromise whereby the Duke of York was named next heir to the throne. On 4 November following he was appointed Keeper of Newport, Brecon and other Welsh castles during the minority of Henry, grandson and heir of the Duke of Buckingham, and of Goderich Castle, &c., in the march of Wales, during the minority of John, son and heir of the Earl of Shrewsbury, both appointments (but not that of Newport) being renewed, 7 May 1461. Also on 4 November he was made Constable and Steward of Tutbury and Master Forester of Needwood and Duffield Forests; and on 18 November Steward of the Honor of Leicester and of Castle Donington, all in the Duchy of Lancaster. He and his father became joint Chief Stewards of the said Duchy, 1 December 1460. He was still in charge of the King in London when the Yorkists were defeated at the battle of Wakefield, 30 December, in which his father was taken prisoner, being beheaded the next day, 31 December 1460, when he succeeded to the great Neville estate of Middleham, co. York. By the captive King he was appointed, 22 January 1460/1, in succession to his father, Great Chamberlain of England for life. On 17 February 1460/1 he was put to flight by the Lancastrians at the 2nd battle of St. Albans, where he showed "a signal lack of generalship" and allowed Henry VI to be re-captured, but having joined the younq Duke of York (victorious at Mortimer's Cross, 2 February) in Oxfordshire, they entered London, 27 February. Warwick was one of the peers who at Baynards Castle declared the Duke to be King, as Edward IV, 3 March, and after an action at Ferrybridge, 28 March, where he was slightly wounded, he commanded the centre in the decisive Yorkist victory at Towton, 29 March 1461. While entertaining the new King in his castle of Middleham, 7 May 1461, he was re-appointed Great Chamberlain of England for life and appointed, also for life, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports and Constable of Dover Castle, Master of the King's Mews and Steward of the manor of Feckenham, co. Worcester. He was also continued in the post of Captain of Calais. Warden of the East and West Marches towards Scotland, 31 July, and Ambassador to treat for a truce with Scotland, 2 August 1461; Steward of England in the process of an Act of Parliament against Henry VI and others, 3 December 1461; Chief Steward of the Duchy of Lancaster, North and South, and Steward of the Honor of Pontefract (as from 4 March 1460/1), 15 December 1461; was again appointed "to the safe-custody of the sea," i.e. Admiral of England, 13 February-July 1462, Captain of Carlisle and Warden of the West Marches towards Scotland (as from 4 March 1460/1), 5 April 1462. Lieutenant in the North to raise the King's standard against his enemies of France and Scotland, 6 November 1462. On the death of his mother, the suo jure Countess of Salisbury, shortly before 9 December 1462, he succeeded her as EARL OF SALISBURY [1337] and, according to modern doctrine, as LORD MONTAGU [1299 and 1357] and LORD MONTHERMER [1309]. From 1464 to 1467 he was continually employed on diplomatic missions, being app. a Commissioner to treat with France, 28 March 1464, 22 March 1465/6 and 6 May 1467; with Scotland, 5 April and 26 May 1464 and 20 November 1465, and to conserve the truce, 11 June 1464 and 10 October 1466; with Burgundy, 28 March and 8 May 1465 and 22 March 1465/6; and with Brittany, 8 May 1465. The King's marriage, however, in May 1464, to Elizabeth Wydevill and the favour shown to the Queen's relatives tended to alienate him, though he was godfather to Elizabeth, their eldest child, born 11 February 1465/6. He was granted the castles of Cockermouth and Appleby, &c., also the sheriffdom of Westmorland, 11 April 1465; was Chief Justice in Eyre of the Forests beyond Trent (as from 4 March 1460/1), 21 November 1466; and Constable and Steward of Kenilworth Castle, 14 February 1467/8. On his return from his embassy to France in 1467 Warwick found the alliance with Burgundy, which he had always opposed, settled and the Queen's friends in power. Though an outward reconciliation with them was effected, he was secretly planning his own restoration to authority throughout 1468 and he was allowed to cross to Calais early in 1469. Here he was joined by his brother George, Archbishop of York, and by the King's brother, the Duke of Clarence, to whom he there married, 11 July 1469, Isabel, his eldest daughter and coheir presumptive. These three then, having put forth a manifesto of grievances, 12 July, crossed to Kent and joined the Yorkshire insurgents under Robin of Redesdale, who had, 26 July, defeated the King's forces under the Earl of Pembroke at Edgcote, near Banbury. On 17 August 1469 the Earl obtained from Edward IV, who had been captured by the Archbishop and was, 25 August, at Middleham, the grant of the great offices in South Wales, lately held by the Earl of Pembroke, whose execution he had caused. He then suppressed the Lancastrian rising in the North of his kinsman, Sir Humphrey Neville, September 1469, and escorted the King, October following, to London, where an amnesty was granted. When, however, the Lincolnshire insurgents were defeated by Edward IV near Stamford, 12 March 1469/70, Sir Robert Welles, their leader, who was captured, divulged the alleged complicity of Warwick and Clarence, who were accordingly proclaimed traitors at Nottingham, 31 March, and fled via Dartmouth to France, April 1470. Here, at the instigation of the French King, Warwick was formally reconciled, in July, at Angers, to Margaret, Queen Consort of Henry VI; and landing (with the Duke of Clarence and the Earl of Oxford) at Dartmouth, 13 September, he proclaimed Henry VI as King, entered London, 6 October, and accompanied him in state to Westminster, 13 October 1470. By the Parliament that met on 26 November 1470 he and Clarence were appointed joint Lieutenants of the Realm. He was also made Admiral of England, Ireland and Aquitaine, 2 January; a Commissioner to treat with the French ambassadors, 13 February; Joint Keeper, with Jasper Tudor, the attainted Earl of Pembroke, of Brecknock and other Welsh castles, 14 February; and Keeper of Newport Castle, in South Wales, 21 February 1470/1. When Edward IV landed in Yorkshire, March 1471, Warwick was deserted by Clarence. After joining forces with Oxford and his brother, the Marquess of Montagu, at Coventry, he was defeated by Edward at Barnet on Easter Sunday, 14 April 1471, and both he and Montagu were slain.

He married, in 1434, Anne, apparently suo jure COUNTESS OF WARWICK, sister and eventually coheir (sole heir of the whole blood) of Henry (DE BEAUCHAMP), DUKE and EARL OF WARWICK, 4th daughter of Richard, 13th EARL OF WARWICK, being only daughter by his 2nd wife, Isabel. He, who is known in history as "The Kingmaker," appears never to have been attainted and died s.p.m. as above, 14 April 1471, aged 42, being buried, with his brother, at Bisham Abbey, Berks. At his death the Earldom of Warwick [1450] remained (according to the grant in that year) in his widow for her life, while the Earldom of Salisbury reverted to the Crown and the Baronies of Montagu and Monthermer fell into abeyance between his 2 daughters and coheirs. His widow had accompanied Margaret of Anjou to England, April 1471, and, Iearning of her husband's death, took sanctuary at Beaulieu Abbey. From there she later petitioned Edward IV for her lands and dower. Shortly before 3 June 1473 she was removed, probably to Middleham, by her son-in-law Richard, Duke of Gloucester; and in May 1474, by Act of Parliament, her estates were divided between Clarence and Gloucester, "as if the said Countess were now naturally dead." Having survived both her daughters, she was granted by Henry VII, as from Michaelmas 1485, a yearly pension of 500 marks; and she obtained an Act of Parliament, November-December 1487, for the annulment of that of 1474 and her restoration to her family estates. These, however, she at once (presumably by previous arrangement), 13 December 1487, settled on the Crown, saving the manor of Erdington, co. Warwick, which she reserved for herself and her heirs. On 11 December 1490 she was appointed Principal Keeper of the Forest of Wychwood, Oxon., receiving at the same time a large grant for life of some of her former lands in many counties. She, who was born circa September 1426 at Caversham, died shortly before 20 September 1492, aged about 66, and was succeeded in the Earldom of Warwick by Edward Plantagenet, her grandson and heir. [Complete Peerage XII/2:385-93, (transcribed by Dave Utzinger)]

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Hume says of Richard: "He figured prominently on the Yorkist side in the Wars of the Roses and was killed at the battle of Barnet Field on April 14, 1471 where his brother, John, Baron Montague, was also slain. He distinguished himself by his gallantry in the field, the hospitality of his table, by the magnificence, and still more by the generosity of his expense, and by the spirited and bold manner which attended him in all his actions. The undesigning frankness and openness of his character rendered his conquest over men's affections the more certain and infallible; his presents were regarded as sure testimonies of esteem and freindship, and his prrofessions as the overflowing of his genuine sentiments. No less than 30,000 persons are said to have daily lived at his board in the different manors and castles which he possessed in England. The military men, allured by his magnificence and hospitality, as well as by his bravery, were zealously attached to his interest. The people in general bore him unlimited affection; his numerous retainers were more devoted to his will than to the Prince or to the laws. He was the greatest as well as the last of those mighty barons"

His lands were in 1474 divided betwen the Dukes of Clarence and Gloucester, the husbands of his two daughters Isabel and Anne. Clarence taking the Beauchamp and Despenser and Gloucester the Neville and Montagu estates and eventualy by act of parliament in 1487 restored to his widow only to deed to the crown.

Originally buried Bisham Abbey in Berkshire
Present burial site unknown

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Richard Neville, 1st Earl of Warwick, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, byname THE KINGMAKER (b. Nov. 22, 1428--d. April 14, 1471, Barnet, Hertfordshire, Eng.), English nobleman called, since the 16th century, "the Kingmaker," in reference to his role as arbiter of royal power during the first half of the Wars of the Roses (1455-85) between the houses of Lancaster and York. He obtained the crown for the Yorkist king Edward IV in 1461 and later restored to power (1470-71) the deposed Lancastrian monarch Henry VI.
The son of Richard Neville, 1st (or 5th) Earl of Salisbury (d. 1460), he became, through marriage, Earl of Warwick in 1449 and thereby acquired vast estates throughout England. In 1453 Warwick and his father allied with Richard, Duke of York, who was struggling to wrest power from the Lancastrian Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, chief minister to the ineffectual king Henry VI. The two sides eventually took up arms, and, at the Battle of St. Albans, Hertfordshire, in May 1455, Warwick's flank attack won a swift victory for the Yorkists. As his reward Warwick was appointed captain of Calais, an English possession on the coast of France. From Calais he crossed to England in 1460 and defeated and captured Henry VI at Northampton (July 10). York and Parliament agreed to let Henry keep his crown, probably because of the influence of Warwick, who preferred to have a weak king.
The situation soon changed, however. York and Warwick's father, the Earl of Salisbury, were killed in battle in December 1460, and on Feb. 17, 1461, the Lancastrians routed Warwick at St. Albans and regained possession of the king. Retreating, Warwick joined forces with York's son Edward; they entered London unopposed, and on March 4, 1461, Edward proclaimed himself king as Edward IV. Later that month Warwick and Edward won a decisive victory over the Lancastrians at Towton, Yorkshire.

Although Warwick wielded the real power for the first three years of Edward's reign, gradually the king began to assert his independence. Warwick hoped to marry Edward to a French noblewoman--thereby gaining France as an ally--but Edward spoiled this scheme by secretly wedding Elizabeth Woodville in May 1464. Tensions between the two men mounted as Edward provided his wife's relatives with high state offices.

Warwick then won to his side Edward's brother George, Duke of Clarence. In August 1469 they seized and briefly detained the king and executed the queen's father and one of her brothers. A fresh revolt engineered by Warwick broke out in northern England in March 1470; after suppressing it, Edward turned on Warwick and Clarence, both of whom fled to France (April 1470). There Warwick was reconciled with his former enemy, Margaret of Anjou, Henry VI's wife. Returning to England in September 1470, he drove Edward into exile and put Henry VI on the throne. Once more Warwick was master of England. Edward landed in the north in March 1471, however, and on April 14 his troops killed Warwick at the Battle of Barnet. [Encyclopaedia Britannica CD, 1996, WARWICK, RICHARD NEVILLE, 1ST EARL OF]

Name:
Richard "The King Maker" NEVILLE

Richard married Anne De BEAUCHAMP, Countess Of Warwick in 1434. Anne (daughter of Richard De BEAUCHAMP, Earl Of Warwick and Isabel Le DESPENSER, Baroness Burghersh) was born about Sep 1426 in Caversham, Oxfordshire, England; died before 20 Sep 1492. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• _UID: AB1E36FCDA304B4E9CD1968E1006F5C4FE07

Notes:

Isabel Neville; b. 5 Sep 1451; m. 11 July 1469 George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, KG (b. 21 Oct 1449; initially joined his father-in-law Warwick ["The Kingmaker"] in the attempt to restore Henry VI and depose his brother Edward IV but deserted the former for the latter at the Battle of Barnet and helped defeat Warwick; created 25 March 1471/2 Earl of Warwick and Earl of Salisbury as a consequence of his marriage; found guilty of high treason and attainted 8 Feb 1477/8, whereupon all his titles were forfeited, and then executed by being drowned in a butt of malmsey wine in the Tower of London 18 Feb 1477/8), and died 22 Dec 1476, having had [Edward Plantagenet (the last legitimate male Plantagenet), 2nd/17th Earl of Warwick, executed (dsp) 28 Nov 1499 on orders of Henry VII; Margaret (the last Plantagenet to survive), beheaded 28 May 1541, m. Sir Richard Pole and had issue] with other issue (d. young). [Burke's Peerage]

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He [George Plantagenet] m. 11 Jul 1469, at Calais, Isabel, 1st daughter and coheir presumptive of Richard Nevill, Earl of Warwick and Salisbury, by Anne, daughter of Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick. She, who was b. 5 Sep 1451 at Warwick Castle, d. there 22 Dec 1476, and was buried at Tewkesbury. He thereupon proposed to marry Mary, daughter of the Duke of Burgundy, a match which was much opposed by the Queen Consort. He was accused of high treason, found guilty, and attainted 8 Feb 1477/8, whereby all his honours became forfeited. He was executed in the Tower of London 18 Feb following (said to have been drowned in a butt of malmsey), and was buried at Tewkesbury, aged 28. [Complete Peerage III:260-1]

Isabel married George PLANTAGENET, Kg, Kb, Duke Of Clarence on 11 Jul 1469 in Calais, Pas-DE-Calais, France. George was born on 21 Oct 1449 in Dublin Castle, Ireland; died on 18 Feb 1477-1478 in Tower Of London, Middlesex, England (Drowned In Butt Of Malmsey Wine); was buried in Tewkesbury Abbey, Gloucestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• _UID: 2B06DF33D92B4D91A375B185EF20247218D3

Notes:

Anne Neville, b. 11 June 1456; m.(?) 1st (?) (There has been some doubt as to whether the marriage took place) Aug 1470 Edward Prince of Wales (dsp & vp, being killed at or in cold blood after the Battle of Tewkesbury (Yorkist Victory) 4 May 1471), only son of Henry VI; m. 2nd(?) 12 July 1472 Richard Plantagenet, Duke of Gloucester, proclaimed King as Richard III 26 June 1483 (b. 2 Oct 1452; crowned with Anne 6 July 1483; defeated by Henry VII and killed at Battle of Bosworth (the last engagement of the Wars of the Roses) 22 Aug 1485), and died 16 March 1485, having had issue [Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales, dvp 9 April 1484]. [Burke's Peerage]

Anne married Edward PLANTAGENET, Prince Of Wales in Aug 1470 in 1st Husband?. Edward was born on 13 Oct 1453 in Westminster Palace, Middlesex, England; died on 4 May 1471 in Killed After Battle Of Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, England (Dsp). [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Anne married Richard III Plantagenet King Of ENGLAND on 12 Jul 1472 in Westminster Abbey, London, Middlesex, England. Richard was born on 2 Oct 1452 in Fotheringhay Castle, Northamptonshire, England; died on 22 Aug 1485 in Battle Of Bosworth Field, Leicestershire, England (Killed); was buried in Leicester, Leicestershire, England (Tomb Destroyed). [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• Name: 14th Countess Of SALISBURY
• _UID: 56A39B14975F45269698C7EEDF216372C1DB

Notes:

BARONY OF MONTAGU (X) 1513

EARLDOM OF SALISBURY (XIV, 1) 1513 to 1519

MARGARET PLANTAGENET, daughter of George (PLANTAGENET), DUKE OF CLARENCE, EARL OF SALISBURY, by Isabel, 1st daughter and coheir of Richard (NEVILL), EARL OF WARWICK and EARL OF SALISBURY, was born in August 1473, at Farley Castle, near Bath, Somerset. She married, probably by November 1487, Sir Richard POLE, K.G. (23 April 1499), who died before 20 October 1504, aged circa 45. On the death, 28 November 1499, of her brother, Richard (PLANTAGENET), EARL OF WARWICK, 1st and only surviving son of George, Duke of Clarence, she became sole heir, not only of her father, but of the Earls of Warwick and Earls of Salisbury. She was Lady of the Chamber to Queen Catherine of Aragon, 1509. Henry VIII gave her an annuity of ?100 during pleasure, 31 July 1509, and he granted to her and her heirs for ever the possessions of Richard, late Earl of Salisbury, her grandfather, son and heir of Alice, Countess of Salisbury, and husband of Anne, Countess of Warwick, which came into the King's hands by her brother's attainder, 14 October 1513. She was also, in accordance with her petition, restored "to the dignity of COUNTESS OF SALISBURY" by Act of Parliament [5 Henry VIII c. 12), when her brother's attainder was removed. She took part in the christening of the Princess Mary at Greenwich, 21 February 1515/6; Governess of the Princess from before 13 May 1520 to shortly after 1 October 1533; accompanied her into Wales 1525; slightly implicated in the case of the revelations of Elizabeth Barton, the Nun of Kent, 1533. She returned to Court and the King gave her lands in Yorkshire, 1536. In 1538 Henry VIII struck at the family of Pole, on account both of their descent from Edward IV's brother, George, Duke of Clarence, and of the action of Cardinal Reginald Pole, who hoped that Paul III would publish a Bull of deprivation. Her youngest son, Sir Geoffrey Pole, was sent to the Tower, 29 August 1538, and he was followed, 4 November, by her 1st son, Henry, Lord Montagu. Information was laid against her; she was examined at her house at Warblington, Hants, by William (Fitzwilliam), Earl of Southampton, Lord High Admiral, and Thomas Goodrich, Bishop of Ely, 12 and 13 November 1538, and then removed to the former's house at Cowdray, where she remained until she was transferred to the Tower of London, after 20 March but before 20 May 1539. She was attainted by Act of Parliament (31 Hen. VIII, c. 15) without trial, 12 May 1539, whereby all her honours were forfeited. She was beheaded in the Tower, 28 May 1541[d].

She was the last surviving member of the great royal House of Anjou, now usually known as the Plantagenets. [Complete Peerage XI:399-402, XIV:567, (transcribed by Dave Utzinger)]

[d] Marillac, the French Ambassador, writes to Francis I, 29 May 1541: "The countess of Saalberi, mother of Cardinal Pol and the late lord Montaigue, was yesterday morning, about 7 o'clock, beheaded in a corner of the Tower, in presence of so few people that until evening the truth was still doubted". . . Writing to Queen Mary of Hungary, 10 June 1541, Chapuys speaks of her "very strange and lamentable execution," which took place at the Tower in the presence of the Lord Mayor of London and about 150 persons more." In the absence of the executioner in the North "a wretched and blundering youth was chosen, who literally hacked her head and shoulders to pieces in the most pitiful manner." . . . Lord Herbert of Cherbury relates that he was assured by a person of great quality that she refused to lay her head on the block, saying: "So should Traitors do, and I am none: neither did it serve that the Executioner told her it was the fashion; so turning her gray head every way, shee bid him, if he would have her head, to get it as he could: So that he was, constrained to fetch it off slovenly" (Life and Raigne of King Henry the Eighth, 1649, P. 468).-This reads like a later legend, invented to account for the way in which the execution was bungled.

Other Events:

• Name: 18th\2Nd Earl Of WARWICK
• _UID: AA75CCC734244816BFB2795985A476BC0661

Notes:

BARONY OF MONTAGU (IX) 1485 to 1499

EARLDOM OF WARWICK (XVIII, 17 & 2) 1478 and 1492 to 1499

EDWARD (PLANTAGENET), EARL OF WARWICK, 1st and only surviving son and heir of George (PLANTAGENET), DUKE OF CLARENCE, EARL OF WARWICK [1472] and EARL OF SALISBURY, by Isabel his wife, was born 21 or 25 February 1474/5 at Warwick Castle; styled EARL OF WARWICK from his baptism by order of Edward IV, who was his godfather. Following his mother's death, 22 December 1476, and the attainder, 8 February, and "execution," 18 February 1477/8, of his father, he became heir, in accordance with the Act of Attainder, to his mother's moiety of the Warwick and Salisbury lands, which, not being forfeited, were accordingly taken into the custody of, and held, but only by reason of his minority, by Edward IV, Richard III and Henry VII in succession. This moiety included Warwick Castle and he was clearly considered, though presumably wrongly, to be EARL OF WARWICK from his father's death. On 8 June 1481 his wardship and marriage were granted, as from Michaelmas 1480, to Thomas (Grey), Marquess of Dorset. He was present, as Earl of Warwick, at the Coronation, 6 July 1483, of his uncle, Richard III and with many other nobles was with him in August at Warwick. On 8 September following he was knighted at the investiture at York of Edward, the King's son, as Prince of Wales, shortly after which he was sent to live at Sheriff Hutton. While there, on the Prince's death, 9 April 1484, he is said to have been declared heir apparent to the Crown; and he was a member of the Council of the North before 13 May 1485. By the death s.p.s., 16 March 1484/5, of the Queen Consort, Anne, his mother's only sister, the abeyance of the Baronies of Montagu and Monthermer terminated (according to modern doctrine) in his favour, whereby he became LORD MONTAGU [1299 and 1357] and LORD MONTHERMER [1309]. On the accession of Henry VII he was removed from Sheriff Hutton to the Tower of London, where he remained a close prisoner till his death. By that King he was, however, deemed, on the death of his aunt, the Queen Consort abovenamed, 16 March 1484/5, and of his uncle, Richard III, 22 August 1485, to be heir to the former's moiety of the Warwick and Salisbury lands. The whole of the lands of both Earldoms were thus held by Henry VII in custody for the duration of Edward's minority and it is possible that he was considered (though wrongly) to be Earl of Salisbury as well as Earl of Warwick. During the rebellion in 1487 of Lambert Simnel, who personated him, he was taken one Sunday in procession to St. Paul's to hear Mass, so that he might be seen and recognised. By the death, shortly before 20 September 1492, of his maternal grandmother, Anne, suo jure, Countess of Warwick, to whom he was sole heir, he became EARL OF WARWICK under the remainder of that dignity in the grant thereof in 1450. Seven years later, on a clearly trumped-up charge, he was condemned for conspiring high treason with Perkin Warbeck, a fellow prisoner, 21 November, and beheaded 28 November 1499 [a] on Tower Hill, being buried (with his maternal ancestors) at Bisham Abbey, aged 24 and unmarried. At his death his honours were forfeited and he was subsequently, January 1503/4, attainted by Act of Parliament, which attainder was, however, reversed by another Act (5 Hen. VIII, c. 12) at the instance of his sister Margaret, his sole heir, who was thereby restored (sic) as Countess of Salisbury. Although in this latter Act he is styled Earl of Warwick and Salisbury, such ex postfacto recognition does not in itself afford proof that he really enjoyed the latter Earldom. [Complete Peerage XII/2:394-7, (transcribed by Dave Utzinger)]

Last male Plantagenet

[a] "Earl Edward had to perish in this fashion in order that there should be no surviving male heir to his family." It is at least likely that the real reason for his execution at this date was the King's wish to expedite the marriage of his son Arthur with Catherine of Aragon.

Other Events:

• Name: 19th Earl Of CHESTER
• Name: 7th Duke Of CORNWALL
• _UID: 064C688D3F8D489A80CCB9DCA596144D72EB