King Henry II PLANTAGENET

Other Events:

• FamilySearch ID: LYD7-TB9
• Name: Henri COMTE D'ANJOU
• Name: Henry II CURTMANTLE
• Occupation: ; King of England
• Residence: Abad?a de Fontevrault, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, , France
• _UID: 1732A7A23693403A840A0D5C65FAB2F5D278
• Knighted - by David, King of the Scots: 22 May 1149, Carlisle, Cumberland, England
• RULED: Between 1154 and 1189, King Of England
• ACCEDED: 19 Dec 1154, Westminster Abbey, London, Middlesex, England
• Coronation: 19 Dec 1154, Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England

Notes:

Henry was the first of the Plantagenets, the name coming from the fact that he was fond of wearing a spring of the broom-plant in his helmet.

From Enclopedia Britannica Online, article titled Henry II:

"by name HENRY OF ANJOU, HENRY PLANTAGENET, HENRY FITZEMPRESS, OR HENRY CURTMANTLE (SHORT MANTLE) duke of Normandy (from 1150), count of Anjou (from 1151), duke of Aquitaine (from 1152), and king of England (from 1154), who greatly expanded his Anglo-French domains and strengthened the royal administration in England. His quarrels with Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury, and with members of his family (his wife, Eleanor of Aquitaine, and such sons as Richard the Lion-Heart and John Lackland) ultimately brought about his defeat.

"Henry II lived in an age of biographers and letter writers of genius. John of Salisbury, Thomas Becket, Giraldus Cambrensis, Walter Map, Peter of Blois, and others knew him well and left their impressions. All agreed on his outstanding ability and striking personality and also recorded his errors and aspects of his character that appear contradictory, whereas modern historians agree upon the difficulty of reconciling its main features. Without deep religious or moral conviction, Henry nevertheless was
respected by three contemporary saints, Aelred of Rievaulx, Gilbert of Sempringham, and Hugh of Lincoln. Normally an approachable and faithful friend and master, he could behave with unreasonable inhumanity. His conduct and aims were always self-centred, but he was neither a tyrant nor an odious egoist. Both as man and ruler he lacked the stamp of greatness that marked Alfred the Great and William the Conqueror. He seemed also to lack wisdom and serenity; and he had no comprehensive view of the
country's interest, no ideals of kingship, no sympathetic care for his people. But if his reign is to be judged by its consequences for England, it undoubtedly stands high in importance, and Henry, as its mainspring, appears among the most notable of English kings." Henry II was Count of Anjou (1151-1189) whose family emblem was the 'plantegenet', a yellow flowering broom; Duke of Normandy (1151-1189); Duke of Aquitane (1152-1189) and as King of England (1154-1189), ruled an empire that stretched from the Tweed to the Pyrenees. He was the Founder of the Angevin, or Plantagenet, line. Henry was the first of fourteen hereditary kings, who were later referred to in the history oracles as Plantagenets. He is more commonly known as FitzEmpress, Henry II Curtmantle, King of England.
In spite of frequent hostilities with the French King, his own family and rebellious Barons (culminating in the great revolt of 1173-74) and his quarrel with Thomas Becket, Henry II maintained control over his possessions until shortly before his death.
Henry II's judicial and administrative reforms, which increased Royal control and influence at the expense of the Barons, were of great constitutional importance. Henry II Introduced trial by Jury.
Henry II, by marrying ELEANOR OF AQUITAINE immediately after her divorce from Louis VII, King of France, gained vast territories in France. Henry had lands reaching for 1000 miles, and it was this vast domain, which was called the Angevin Empire.
In 1153 he invaded England and forced STEPHEN to acknowledge him as his heir. As king he restored order to war-ravaged England, subdued the barons, centralized the power of government in royalty, and strengthened royal courts. Henry's desire to increase royal authority brought him into conflict with THOMAS ?A BECKET, whom he had made (1162) archbishop of Canterbury. The quarrel, which focused largely on the jurisdiction of the church courts, came to a head when Henry issued (1163) the Constitutions of CLARENDON, defining the relationship between church and state, and ended (1170) with Becket's murder, for which Henry was forced by public indignation to do penance. During his reign he gained northern counties from Scotland and increased his French holdings.
Henry II was also involved in family struggles. Encouraged by their mother and LOUIS VI of France, his three oldest sons, Henry, RICHARD I, and Geoffrey, rebelled (1173-74) against him. The rebellion collapsed, but at the time of Henry's death, Richard and the youngest son, JOHN, were in the course of another rebellion. He was unfortunate in love, relentlessly and romantically pursuing the hand of his wife, Eleanor, who became a selfish spoilt lady, and who turned her sons against their own father. Because of the rebellion by the eldest son, Henry was crushed, and Eleanor was placed under house arrest for fifteen years. The other brothers placed continual pressure on their father, in alliances with the King of France. Henry died a lonely and grief stricken man deserted by all of those he had loved and honored.

Contemporaries: Louis VII (King of France, 1137-1180), Thomas Beckett (Archbishop of Canterbury), Pope Adrian IV, Frederick I (Frederick Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor, 1152-1190)
Henry II, first of the Angevin kings, was one of the most effective of all England's monarchs. He came to the throne amid the anarchy of Stephen's reign and promptly collared his errant barons. He refined Norman government and created a capable, self-standing bureaucracy. His energy was equaled only by his ambition and intelligence. Henry survived wars, rebellion, and controversy to successfully rule one of the Middle Ages' most powerful kingdoms.

Henry was raised in the French province of Anjou and first visited England in 1142 to defend his mother's claim to the disputed throne of Stephen. His continental possessions were already vast before his coronation: He acquired Normandy and Anjou upon the death of his father in September 1151, and his French holdings more than doubled with his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitane (ex-wife of King Louis VII of France). In accordance with the Treaty of Wallingford, a succession agreement signed by Stephen and Matilda in 1153, Henry was crowned in October 1154. The continental empire ruled by Henry and his sons included the French counties of Brittany, Maine, Poitou, Touraine, Gascony, Anjou, Aquitane, and Normandy. Henry was technically a feudal vassal of the king of France but, in reality, owned more territory and was more powerful than his French lord. Although King John (Henry's son) lost most of the English holdings in France, English kings laid claim to the French throne until the fifteenth century. Henry also extended his territory in the British Isles in two significant ways. First, he retrieved Cumbria and Northumbria form Malcom IV of Scotland and settled the Anglo-Scot border in the North. Secondly, although his success with Welsh campaigns was limited, Henry invaded Ireland and secured an English presence on the island.

English and Norman barons in Stephen's reign manipulated feudal law to undermine royal authority; Henry instituted many reforms to weaken traditional feudal ties and strengthen his position. Unauthorized castles built during the previous reign were razed. Monetary payments replaced military service as the primary duty of vassals. The Exchequer was revitalized to enforce accurate record keeping and tax collection. Incompetent sheriffs were replaced and the authority of royal courts was expanded. Henry empowered a new social class of government clerks that stabilized procedure - the government could operate effectively in the king's absence and would subsequently prove sufficiently tenacious to survive the reign of incompetent kings. Henry's reforms allowed the emergence of a body of common law to replace the disparate customs of feudal and county courts. Jury trials were initiated to end the old Germanic trials by ordeal or battle. Henry's systematic approach to law provided a common basis for development of royal institutions throughout the entire realm.

The process of strengthening the royal courts, however, yielded an unexpected controversy. The church courts instituted by William the Conqueror became a safe haven for criminals of varying degree and ability, for one in fifty of the English population qualified as clerics. Henry wished to transfer sentencing in such cases to the royal courts, as church courts merely demoted clerics to laymen. Thomas Beckett, Henry's close friend and chancellor since 1155, was named Archbishop of Canterbury in June 1162 but distanced himself from Henry and vehemently opposed the weakening of church courts. Beckett fled England in 1164, but through the intervention of Pope Adrian IV (the lone English pope), returned in 1170. He greatly angered Henry by opposing the coronation of Prince Henry. Exasperated, Henry hastily and publicly conveyed his desire to be rid of the contentious Archbishop - four ambitious knights took the king at his word and murdered Beckett in his own cathedral on December 29, 1170. Henry endured a rather limited storm of protest over the incident and the controversy passed.

Henry's plans of dividing his myriad lands and titles evoked treachery from his sons. At the encouragement - and sometimes because of the treatment - of their mother, they rebelled against their father several times, often with Louis VII of France as their accomplice. The deaths of Henry the Young King in 1183 and Geoffrey in 1186 gave no respite from his children's rebellious nature; Richard, with the assistance of Philip II Augustus of France, attacked and defeated Henry on July 4, 1189 and forced him to accept a humiliating peace. Henry II died two days later, on July 6, 1189.

A few quotes from historic manuscripts shed a unique light on Henry, Eleanor, and their sons.
From Sir Winston Churchill Kt, 1675: "Henry II Plantagenet, the very first of that name and race, and the very greatest King that England ever knew, but withal the most unfortunate . . . his death being imputed to those only to whom himself had given life, his ungracious sons. . ."

From Sir Richard Baker, A Chronicle of the Kings of England: Concerning endowments of mind, he was of a spirit in the highest degree generous . . . His custom was to be always in action; for which cause, if he had no real wars, he would have feigned . . . To his children he was both indulgent and hard; for out of indulgence he caused his son henry to be crowned King in his own time; and out of hardness he caused his younger sons to rebel against him . . . He married Eleanor, daughter of William Duke of Guienne, late wife of Lewis the Seventh of France.

Family/Spouse: Ida DE TOSNY, Countess of Norfolk. Ida was born in 1156 in Norwich, Norfolk, England; died on 7 Mar 1226 in Framlingham, Suffolk, England; was buried in Mar 1226 in Body Lost Or Destroyed. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Rosamund DE CLIFFORD in Not Married. Rosamund was born about 1136 in Clifford Castle, Hay, Herefordshire, England; died about 1176 in Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England; was buried about 1176 in Godstow Nunnery, Wolvercote, Oxfordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Annabel Concubine 3 BALLIOL. Annabel was born about 1153; died on 31 Mar 1204. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Queen Eleanor De AQUITAINE on 18 May 1152 in Bordeaux Cathedral, Bordeaux, France. Eleanor (daughter of Guillaume X Duke Of AQUITAINE, Poitou Guillaume and Elbeanor De CHATELLERAULT) was born in 1121-1122 in Chateau DE Belin, Bordeaux, Aquitaine; died on 31 Mar 1204 in Poitiers, Poitou, Aquitaine; was buried in Fontevraud Abbey, Maine-Et-Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: GJJ5-SCZ
• _UID: 43176866EF52463C9CE4FF8692C77B7A3EBA

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• FamilySearch ID: GJJP-G4J

Notes:

Ancestral File Number: 9FTR-5S

Family/Spouse: Joan. Joan was born about 1182; died in Deceased. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William married Countess Of Salisbury Ela FITZPATRICK, Countess Of Salisbury in 1198 in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. Ela (daughter of Earl Of Salisbury William D'evereau FITZPATRICK, Earl Of Salisbury and Eleanor DE VITRE) was born about 1191 in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England; died on 24 Aug 1261 in Lacock, Wiltshire, England; was buried in 1261 in Lacock Abbey, Lacock, Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: G6PM-RRB

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• FamilySearch ID: GJJP-RV9
• _UID: 7B148E8BF9E9461F834762F691D7D490DD55

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: 9HPZ-HTL
• _UID: A4C28880B88646388D08F640A6012FBB86FC

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• FamilySearch ID: 9Z8G-C1P
• _UID: D630E60EEAC54F61B9937948C74A5033FA40

Notes:

Ancestral File Number: 8XJ3-SD

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• FamilySearch ID: 9CMQ-TBB
• _UID: 7C043BFE049A4FFE8F4153AA69F2510C2999

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• CAUSED BY DEA: Wounded From An Arrow.
• FamilySearch ID: L8T2-WWR
• Name: The Lionhearted
• _UID: DDA393DEB0404A2694703493E0D7F126EABB
• RULED: Between 1189 and 1199, King Of England
• ACCEDED: 3 Sep 1189, Westminster Abbey, London, Middlesex, England

Notes:

Richard I, called Coeur de Lion or Lion-Hearted (1157-1199), king of England (1189-1199), third son of King Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine, born in Oxford. When he was an infant, Richard was betrothed to a daughter of the French king Louis VII, and in 1172 he was given the duchy of Aquitaine in France, his mother's inheritance. His early years were spent in warring against his father to protect his own interests; he emerged a brilliant soldier. In 1189 he became king of England and shortly thereafter set out on the Third Crusade. He was accompanied by the young Philip II, king of France, son of Louis VII. The Crusade proved a failure almost from the start, mainly because of the lack of harmony between the two kings. In Sicily Richard quarreled with Philip and refused to marry Philip's sister as planned. Instead he married Berengaria of Navarre on Cyprus, which he conquered in 1191. After capturing Acre (now 'Akko) from the Saracens that same year, Richard executed 2700 Muslim prisoners of war. It was Richard's personal valor in the Holy Land, however, rather than his ruthlessness, that made his name famous in legend. Conflict over policy in the Holy Land resulted in a break between the two, and Philip returned to France alone. Richard spent months in indecisive contests against Saladin, sultan of Egypt and Syria, before making a truce by which Jerusalem was left in Saladin's hands. Captured en route to England by Leopold V, duke of Austria, Richard was handed over to Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI. He was released in 1194 only after paying a heavy ransom. Richard returned to England and there made peace with his brother, John, later king of England, who in his absence had been conspiring with Philip to usurp the English throne. Leaving the government of England to the care of the able administrator Hubert Walter, archbishop of Canterbury, Richard went to France in 1194 to wage war against the French king. Campaigns in defense of his European lands continued for five years. Victor in most of the warfare in which he engaged, Richard was fatally wounded by an arrow during an insignificant skirmish in 1199. As king, Richard had chosen able ministers, to whom he left most matters of administration. Under his rule, however, England suffered heavy taxation, levied to support his expeditions. Sometimes cruel, sometimes magnanimous, and always courageous, Richard was well versed in the knightly accomplishments of his age and was also a poet. He was to become the hero of many legendary tales.

AKA (2):
"Lionheart"

Richard married Queen Consort Berengaria Of NAVARRE in 1191 in Lemes?s (Limassol), Cyprus. Berengaria (daughter of King Sancho VI Of NAVARRE) was born in 1165; died in 1230 in Le Mans, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• CAUSED BY DEA: Killed At A Tournament By His Horse.
• FamilySearch ID: LT3S-M72
• RULED: Earl Of Bretagne; Earl Of Richmond
• _UID: 9C4F080AA6B1461683C54B5EF3DF95B3BB91
• ACCEDED: 1166

Notes:

Ancestral File Number: 8WKQ-5R

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• FamilySearch ID: G3L3-VM8
• _UID: EDD5891B05674D319E9B1B753323BC3F6A90

Notes:

Ancestral File Number: 8XJ3-X3

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• FamilySearch ID: LZ1V-V82
• Name: Eleanor
• _UID: 4888ABA98390466CA52FEF5CF3CCC270F93E

Notes:

Ancestral File Number: 8XJ3-Z8

Alianor married King Alfonso "The Noble" SANCHEZ, VIII on 22 Sep 1177 in Castile, Burgos, Spain. Alfonso (son of Sancho Alfonsez III SANCHEZ, King Of Castille and Princess Blanche Garcia RAMIREZ, Of Navarre) was born on 11 Nov 1155 in Castilla, Castilla, Spain; died on 6 Oct 1214 in Gutierre, Munoz, Huelgas, Burgos, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• CAUSED BY DEA: In Childbirth
• FamilySearch ID: K48T-V4D
• _UID: E8068BF3C4B64FB89B16318E39D268E3B3C6

Notes:

Died:
She died from childbirth complications.

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• Affiliation: ; House of Plantagenet
• CAUSED BY DEA: Probably From Dysentery
• FamilySearch ID: LBYQ-Z26
• Name: Lackland
• _UID: 65CCDAABBD1F4C5CA4AF7F3CB2656D441068
• RULED: Between 1199 and 1216, King Of England
• ACCEDED: 27 May 1199, Westminster Abbey, London, Middlesex, England
• Coronation: 27 May 1199, Westminster Abbey
• Signed Magna Carta: 15 Jun 1215, England
• Interment: Oct 1216, Worcestershire, England; Worcester Cathedral

Notes:

John was born on Christmas Eve 1167. His parents drifted apart after his birth; his youth was divided between his eldest brother Henry's house, where he learned the art of knighthood, and the house of his father's justiciar, Ranulf Glanvil, where he learned the business of government. As the fourth child, inherited lands were not available to him, giving rise to his nickname, Lackland. His first marriage lasted but ten years and was fruitless, but his second wife, Isabella of Angouleme, bore him two sons and three daughters. He also had an illegitimate daughter, Joan, who married Llywelyn the Great, Ruler of All Wales, from which the Tudor line of monarchs was descended. The survival of the English government during John's reign is a testament to the reforms of his father, as John taxed the system socially, economically, and judicially.

The Angevin family feuds profoundly marked John. He and Richard clashed in 1184 following Richard's refusal to honor his father's wishes surrender Aquitane to John. The following year Henry II sent John to rule Ireland, but John alienated both the native Irish and the transplanted Anglo-Normans who emigrated to carve out new lordships for themselves; the experiment was a total failure and John returned home within six months. After Richard gained the throne in 1189, he gave John vast estates in an unsuccessful attempt to appease his younger brother. John failed to overthrow Richard's administrators during the German captivity and conspired with Philip II in another failed coup attempt. Upon Richard's release from captivity in 1194, John was forced to sue for pardon and he spent the next five years in his brother's shadow.

John's reign was troubled in many respects. A quarrel with the Church resulted in England being placed under an interdict in 1207, with John actually excommunicated two years later. The dispute centered on John's stubborn refusal to install the papal candidate, Stephen Langdon, as Archbishop of Canterbury; the issue was not resolved until John surrendered to the wishes of Pope Innocent III and paid tribute for England as the Pope's vassal.

John proved extremely unpopular with his subjects. In addition to the Irish debacle, he inflamed his French vassals by orchestrating the murder of his popular nephew, Arthur of Brittany. By spring 1205, he lost the last of his French possessions and returned to England. The final ten years of his reign were occupied with failed attempts to regain these territories. After levying a number of new taxes upon the barons to pay for his dismal campaigns, the discontented barons revolted, capturing London in May 1215. At Runnymeade in the following June, John succumbed to pressure from the barons, the Church, and the English people at-large, and signed the Magna Carta. The document, a declaration of feudal rights, stressed three points. First, the Church was free to make ecclesiastic appointments. Second, larger-than-normal amounts of money could only be collected with the consent of the king's feudal tenants. Third, no freeman was to be punished except within the context of common law. Magna Carta, although a testament to John's complete failure as monarch, was the forerunner of modern constitutions. John only signed the document as a means of buying time and his hesitance to implement its principles compelled the nobility to seek French assistance. The barons offered the throne to Philip II's son, Louis. John died in the midst of invasion from the French in the South and rebellion from his barons in the North.

John was remembered in elegant fashion by Sir Richard Baker in A Chronicle of the Kings of England: ". . .his works of piety were very many . . . as for his actions, he neither came to the crown by justice, nor held it with any honour, nor left it peace."

MAGNA CARTA
The Great Charter of English liberty granted (under considerable duress) by King John at Runnymede on June 15, 1215 John, by the grace of God King of England, Lord of Ireland, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, and Count of Anjou, to his archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, barons, justices, foresters, sheriffs, stewards, servants, and to all his officials and loyal subjects, greeting.

Know that before God, for the health of our soul and those of our ancestors and heirs, to the honour of God, the exaltation of the holy Church, and the better ordering of our kingdom, at the advice of our reverend fathers Stephen, archbishop of Canterbury, primate of all England, and cardinal of the holy Roman Church, Henry archbishop of Dublin, William bishop of London, Peter bishop of Winchester, Jocelin bishop of Bath and Glastonbury, Hugh bishop of Lincoln, Walter Bishop of Worcester, William bishop of Coventry, Benedict bishop of Rochester, Master Pandulf subdeacon and member of the papal household, Brother Aymeric master of the Knights of the Temple in England, William Marshal, earl of Pembroke, William earl of Salisbury, William earl of Warren, William earl of Arundel, Alan de Galloway constable of Scotland, Warin Fitz Gerald, Peter Fitz Herbert, Hubert de Burgh seneschal of Poitou, Hugh de Neville, Matthew Fitz Herbert, Thomas Basset, Alan Basset, Philip Daubeny, Robert de Roppeley, John Marshal, John Fitz Hugh, and other loyal subjects:


In French JEAN SANS TERRE king of England from 1199 to 1216. In a war with the French king Philip II, he lost Normandy and almost all his other possessions in France. In England, after a revolt of the barons, he was forced to seal the Magna Carta (1215).

From the Encyclopedia Britannica Online, article titled "John:"

"John's reputation, bad at his death, was further depressed by writers of the next generation. Of all centuries prior to the present, only the 16th, mindful of his quarrel with Rome, recognized some of his quality. He was suspicious, vengeful, and treacherous; Arthur I of Brittany was probably murdered in captivity, and Matilda de Braose, the wife of a recalcitrant Marcher baron, was starved to death with her son in a royal prison. But John was cultured and literate. Conventional in his religion rather than devout, he was remembered for his benefactions to the church of Coventry, to Reading Abbey, and to Worcester, where he was buried and where his effigy still survives. He was extraordinarily active, with a great love of hunting and a readiness to travel that gave him a knowledge of England matched by few other monarchs. He took a personal interest in judicial and financial administration, and his reign saw important advances at the Exchequer, in the administration of justice, in the importance of the privy seal and the royal household, in methods of taxation and military organization, and in the grant of chartered privileges to towns. If his character was unreliable, his political judgment was acute. In 1215 many barons, including some of the most distinguished, fought on his side."


"Lackland" refered to John's status as the youngest son, resulting in no significant inherited fiefs from his Father. His titles included King of Ireland 1177, Count of Mortain 1189, Earl of Gloucester. John succeeded his brother Richard I as King in 1199. In 1215 he put his seal on the Magna Carta (Great Charter). The Magna Carta is the foundation of English Constitutional law and liberties and placed the King, like the subjects he ruled, subject to the rule of law. He is Interred in Worcester Cathedral. "The Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages" Norman F. Cantor, General Editor.

AKA (2):
"Lackland"

Family/Spouse: Agatha DE FERRERS. Agatha (daughter of Sybil DE BRAOSE) was born about 1168 in Chartley, Stafforshire, England; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Suzanne DE WARENNE. Suzanne was born about 1170; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Hawise DE TRACY. Hawise was born in 1168; died in Deceased. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Avisa (Isabella) Of GLOUCESTER on 29 Aug 1189 in Marlborough, Wiltshire, England. Avisa (daughter of William "Mafonache" FITZROBERT,, 2nd Earl of Gloucester and Hawise Mabel Avis BEAUMONT, [Countess]) was born about 1173 in Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, England; died on 14 Oct 1217; was buried in Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Isabella FITZROBERT, Of Gloucester on 29 Aug 1189 in Marlborough, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. Isabella (daughter of Earl William "Mafonache" FITZROBERT and Mabel (Hawise) DE BEAUMONT) was born about 1158 in Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England; died on 14 Oct 1217 in Kent, Jefferson County, Indiana; was buried in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent Co., England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married D'angouleme Isabella DE TAILLEFER, Queen Of England on 24 Aug 1200 in Bordeaux, Gironde, France. Isabella (daughter of Count Of Valence & Angouleme Aymer DE TAILLEFER, Earl Of Glocester and Alice Alix DE COURTENAY) was born about 1180 in Angouleme, Charente-Maritime, France; died on 31 May 1246 in Fontrevrault, Marie-Et-Loire, France; was buried in Jun 1246 in Fontevrault-L'abbaye, Maine-Et-Loire, Pays De La Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: G8TK-HX4
• _UID: 603ED6FB307D4EFEA01F59FD672240A0E6B0

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: L2VT-9LY
• _UID: D0A9F2AAE054427CAA3DBF86BE7C56D093CC

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: GS9J-V65
• _UID: BB8A98C7EB9846A08D765C644CB869BBF8BC

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: G7R4-C18
• _UID: 318CA89EA778473E8854414881CBC657752C

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: L2LX-K7H
• _UID: 5E5A19357DA94650890D8BF973A7D9AF7EC4

Stephen married between 1243 and 1244. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: KGKV-QFN

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• FamilySearch ID: MXWN-PKQ
• _UID: 738234C8BD9B4B79B83925A0A2CDF79BC447

Family/Spouse: Walcheline (William) DE BEAUCHAMP. Walcheline (son of Walter DE BEAUCHAMP and Bertha DE BRAOSE) was born about 1184 in Elmley, Worcestershire, England; died on 12 Apr 1236 in Elmley Castle, Worcestershire, England; was buried on 14 Apr 1236 in Worcester Castle, Worcestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: GJRL-QQF

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• FamilySearch ID: 9CZS-WBY
• _UID: E435FB6AA57A4DD7815343B7C426BF19518D

Notes:

She was the Queen of Castile. Title: La Granda

Berengaria married King Alfonso Fernandez CASTILE AND LEON, IX in 1197 in Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain. Alfonso (son of King Ferdinand Alfonsez II Of LEON and Princess Urraca Alfonsez Of PORTUGAL, Of Portugal) was born on 15 Aug 1171 in Zamora, Leon, Spain; died on 24 Sep 1230 in Villaneuva DE Soria, Castilla, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: GJR1-KZK
• _UID: A78000EDF7E041B288ACB6C33B9C82D5B999
• ACCEDED: 1217

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• FamilySearch ID: LBMP-RDX

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• FamilySearch ID: L8T2-7P8
• _UID: 216853B7B92E49CE85C802DBC9FD9CE300E4

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• FamilySearch ID: GJR1-RFS
• _UID: 85C37CEBC9124AF097FC9436E61BBFE2C365

Notes:

From Encyclopedia Britannica Online, article titled "Blanche of Castile:"

"French BLANCHE DE CASTILLE, Spanish BLANCA DE CASTILLA, wife of Louis VIII of France, mother of Louis IX (St. Louis), and twice regent of France (1226-34, 1248-52), who by wars and marital alliances did much to secure and unify French territories. Blanche was the daughter of Alfonso VIII of Castile and Eleanor, who was the daughter of Henry II of England. Her grandmother Eleanor of Aquitaine, queen of
England, traveled to Spain to take the 11-year-old Blanche to France, where a marriage treaty was concluded with Louis, the young son of King Philip II Augustus. This politically motivated marriage had been arranged by Blanche's uncle, King John of England, and was celebrated in 1200 at Portsmouth, Hampshire. It represented only a brief truce in the struggle between England and France for control over certain French territories.

"Blanche, who became French through marriage, was gradually to become French in spirit as well. Although she did not cease to be concerned for her family, among them her uncle John and his allies, her brother-in-law Ferrand of Portugal, and her cousin Otto of Brunswick (later Holy Roman emperor Otto IV), she rejoiced at the French victory over Otto and the English at Bouvines in 1214, marking the first stage of French unification, a goal for which she was constantly to strive. In the same year, she gave
birth to Louis, the future king of France. Upon John of England's death, Blanche boldly tried to seize the English throne: in 1216 Louis of France invaded England on her behalf. The English stood firm against him, and John's nine-year-old son was finally crowned Henry III.

"A devout Roman Catholic, Blanche soon became involved in what she sincerely believed to be a holy war against the heretical Cathari, a sect founded on the belief that good and evil had two separate creators, which was flourishing throughout southern France. Her husband, who became Louis VIII in 1223, took part in a crusade against the Cathari but suffered a fatal attack of dysentery upon returning to the north of France in 1226. In accordance with her husband's will, Blanche became both guardian of the 12-year-old Louis and regent of France. She zealously pressed to have Louis crowned immediately, and the coronation took place at Reims three weeks after Louis VIII's death.

"Her most pressing problem was to deal with a rebellion of the great barons, organized by Philip Hurepel, the illegitimate son of King Philip II Augustus, and supported by King Henry III of England. In the face of such adversity, Blanche showed herself by turns a delicate diplomat, a clever negotiator, and a strong leader. Dressed in white, on a white palfrey draped in the same colour, she rode into battle at the head of her troops. After an attempted abduction of the young king, Blanche did not hesitate to
replace rebel noble associates with commoners if she thought it necessary. She also created local militias. Blanche was gradually able to subdue the revolt, establish a new truce with England, and, in 1229, pacify the south of France by signing the Treaty of Paris with Raymond VII, count of Toulouse. France then entered an era of domestic stability, which saw the construction of many cathedrals throughout the country.

"On only one occasion did Blanche fail to exhibit diplomatic conduct. In 1229 a dispute between an innkeeper and some students took place in the Latin Quarter in Paris. The police were summoned, and the students were beaten and thrown into the Seine; such intervention in the Latin Quarter, however, was contrary to the prerogatives granted to the university, and the faculty and students threatened to strike if the university's privileges were not respected. Badly advised, Blanche held firm, but the university closed its doors, and the faculty and students left Paris for the provinces and abroad. It was to take four years and the intervention of the pope before the university would return to Paris with new prerogatives, this time granted by Blanche herself.

"Although Louis IX came of age on April 25, 1236, Blanche remained at his side as his most loyal and steadfast supporter. She lacked tact, however, with regard to her son's private life. Although Blanche herself had selected Margaret of Provence to be Louis's wife, she treated Margaret with considerable severity. In 1244, after Louis recovered from a serious illness, he and his wife, much against Blanche's wishes, made a vow to go on a crusade against the Muslims. They embarked in 1248, and once again the kingdom was entrusted to Blanche. Informed of Louis's defeat at Al-Mansurah, Egypt, and his subsequent imprisonment, Blanche herself went to seek his ransom and that of the French army. She petitioned her parents, her allies, and the pope for funds and supplies, but interest in the crusade had dwindled.

"Although weakened by a heart ailment, Blanche did not neglect her obligations as a regent. Continuing to preside over council meetings, she signed laws and watched over the poor of Paris. When some of the poor were mistreated by the cathedral chapter, she herself rode, as formerly, to open the gates to their prison. On her way to the Abbey of the Lys, one of her favourite retreats, Blanche suffered an attack of the heart ailment that was to take her life. She was returned to the palace of the Louvre, dressed in a nun's habit, and laid on a bed of hay. There, after begging forgiveness of all and having received the last sacraments, she died. She was buried at Maubuisson Abbey and her heart taken to the Abbey of the Lys. Louis IX was in Jaffa when he learned of his mother's death. The news distressed him greatly, for he was aware that he had lost not only an incomparable parent but also the strongest supporter of his
kingship."

Other Events:

• FamilySearch ID: 9HK3-SWC
• Name: Blanche DE CASTILE

Blanche married Louis VIII CAPET, Roi de France on 23 May 1200 in Pont-Audemer, Eure, Normandy, France. Louis (son of King Phillippe CAPET, Of France and Isabelle DE HAINAUT, Reine de France) was born on 5 Sep 1187 in Ch?teau de Poiss, Poissy, Yvelmes, Ile-de-France, Paris, France; died on 8 Nov 1226 in Ch?teau de Montpensier, Puy-de-D?me, Auvergne, France; was buried in 1226 in Saint Denis Basilica, Seine, Ile-De-France, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: GJR2-L1R
• _UID: 7C78871976704443B1731906DB84953C7489

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• _UID: AA11C00CAD244E6EA050CAF9BCBF8BEDBA46

Notes:

Following from Leo van de Pas in a posting to soc.genealogy.medieval newsgroup, 23 Feb 1999:

I found the following about Joan bastard of England, after her death she was buried at Llanfaes but, at the dissolution of the monastery, her coffin was removed. In the 19th century it was discovered that it was being used as a horse trough. Rescued from this use, it was placed in Baron Hill Park, near Beaumaris in Anglesey. The most recent location is given as the Church of St. Mary and St. Nicholas in Beaumaris.

Joan married in 1205. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Joan married Llewelyn Ap IORWERTH, Prince Of Wales in 1206. Llewelyn (son of Iorwerth "Drwyndwn" Ap OWAIN, Prince North Wales and Marared Verch MADOG) was born in 1173 in Aberffraw Castle, Aberffraw, Anglesy, Wales; died on 11 Apr 1240 in Conwy, Caernarfonshire, Wales; was buried in Apr 1240 in Aberconwy Abbey, Conwy, Caernarfonshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: G91T-JGK
• _UID: 96261D8B17254AEF80EC41FA2F8A9F1DF5C6

Notes:

Title (Facts Pg):
Lord Chilham

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• _UID: DD07E6BC2C7B4F1996E47D9F317A09674649

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• _UID: C45B07F55FF54071A64AC35D337F028F7351

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• Affiliation: ; House of Plantagenet
• FamilySearch ID: 9SS7-5BT
• _UID: D4BD16507F644F278F04EA01D4A8B4F6F407
• RULED: Between 1216 and 1272, Was A Weak And Incompetent Rulers.
• TitleOfNobility: Between 1216 and 1272; King of England
• ACCEDED: 28 Oct 1216, Gloucester Cathedral, England

Notes:

Barons rebelled against his rule under Simond de Montfort.

He was the King of England from 1216 to 1272. In the 24 years (1234-58) during which he had effective control of the government, he displayed such indifference to tradition that the barons finally forced him to agree to a series of major reforms, the Provisions of Oxford (1258).

The elder son and heir of King John (ruled 1199-1216), Henry was nine years old when his father died. At that time London and much of eastern England were in the hands of rebel barons led by Prince Louis (later King Louis VIII of France), son of the French king Philip II Augustus. A council of regency presided over by the venerable William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, was formed to rule for Henry; by 1217 the rebels had been defeated and Louis forced to withdraw from England. After Pembroke's death in 1219 Hubert de Burgh ran the government until he was dismissed by Henry in 1232. Two ambitious Frenchmen, Peter des Roches and Peter des Rivaux, then dominated Henry's regime until the barons brought about their expulsion in1234. That event marked the beginning of Henry's personal rule.

Although Henry was charitable and cultured, he lacked the ability to rule effectively. In diplomatic and military affairs he proved to be arrogant yet cowardly, ambitious yet impractical. The breach between the King and his barons began as earlyas 1237, when the barons expressed outrage at the influence exercised over the government by Henry's Savoyard relatives. The marriage arranged (1238) by Henry between his sister, Eleanor, and his brilliant young French favourite, Simon deMontfort, Earl of Leicester, increased foreign influence and further aroused the nobility's hostility. In 1242 Henry's Lusignan half brothers involved him in a costly and disastrous military venture in France. The barons then began to demand avoice in selecting Henry's counsellors, but the King repeatedly rejected their proposal. Finally, in 1254 Henry made a serious blunder. He concluded an agreement with Pope Innocent IV (pope 1243-54), offering to finance papal wars in Sicily if thePope would grant his infant son, Edmund, the Sicilian crown. Four years later Pope Alexander IV (pope 1254-61) threatened to excommunicate Henry for failing to meet this financial obligation. Henry appealed to the barons for funds, but they agreedto cooperate only if he would accept far-reaching reforms. These measures, the Provisions of Oxford, provided for the creation of a 15-member privy council, selected (indirectly) by the barons, to advise the King and oversee the entireadministration. The barons, however, soon quarrelled among themselves, and Henry seized the opportunity to renounce the Provisions (1261). In April 1264 Montfort, who had emerged as Henry's major baronial opponent, raised a rebellion; thefollowing month he defeated and captured the King and his eldest son, Edward, at the Battle of Lewes (May 14, 1264), Sussex. Montfort ruled England in Henry's name until he was defeated and killed by Edward at the Battle of Evesham, Worcestershire, in August 1265. Henry, weak and senile, then allowed Edward to take charge of the government. After the King's death, Edward ascended the throne as King Edward I.

Henry married Countess Eleanor BERENGER, Of Provence on 14 Jan 1236-1237 in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent Co., England. Eleanor (daughter of Count Raymond BERENGER, V and Countess Beatrice DE SAVOIE) was born in 1222 in Aix-En-Provence, Bouches Du Rhone, France; died on 24 Jun 1291 in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England; was buried on 25 Jun 1291 in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: 9CNV-S3Y
• HISTORY: Elected King Of The Romans & Of Almaine 1556.
• _UID: CBB397E72D2C469EA0F6E7C807C73B9C2303
• ACCEDED: 30 May 1227, Prince; Created Earl Of Poictiers In 1225. Earl Of Cornwall

Notes:

1 NAME Richard /Plantagenet/ 1 DEAT 2 PLAC Cornwall, England

BIOGRAPHY: Richard was very wealthy and used it to be elected Holy Roman Emperor. His reign was not of any substance-pretty much symbolic. Late in life he gave up hope of ever actually ruling.
------------------------------------------

BIOGRAPHY: Richard, Count of Poitou by 18 Aug 1225 (renounced c Dec 1243), 1st Earl of Cornwall, so styled from 21 Aug 1227 and King of the Romans (ie. heir presumptive to the Holy Roman Empire), so elected at Frankfurt 13 Jan 1256/7 and crowned at Aachen 17 May 1257 but soon ejected and returned to England, three of the Electors apparently having thrown him over because his monetary inducements to them were too small, PC (1253); Constable of Wallingford Castle 1216; knighted Feb 1224/5 and granted by his brother Henry III 13 Feb 1224/5 the County of Cornwall during the King's pleasure, following which he was presumably invested as Earl of that county; Lt of Guienne 1226-7; Ambassador to Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II 1237 and Popes Innocent IV and Alexander IV 1250 and 1259 respectively; went on Crusade 1240-41; Co- or sole Regent during his brother Henry III's campaigns in Gascony 1253-54, fought with his brother Henry III against Simon de Montfort's barons at Battle of Lewes 1264, where he was captured; married 1st 30 March 1230/1 Isabel, 3rd daughter of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke and widow of Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford and 2nd Earl of Gloucester, and had three sons (all died young or sp); married 2nd 22 Nov 1243 Sancha, sister of his brother Henry III's wife Eleanor and 3rd daughter and coheir of Raymond Berengar V, Count of Provence, and by her had two or three sons (also died young or sp, including the 2nd and last Earl of Cornwall); married 3rd 16 June 1269 Beatrice, 2nd daughter of Walram de Fauquemont (or Valkenberg, near Mastricht), Seigneur de Montjoie and brother of Engelbert Archbishop of Cologne, and died 2 April 1272, leaving by Jeanne de Valletort, and illegitimate son. [Burke's Peerage]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Earl married Joan Or Jane De VALLETORT in Unmarried. Joan (daughter of Reginald De VALLETORT) was born about 1213 in <, Winchester, Hampshire, England>; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Earl married Isabel MARSHALL on 30 Mar 1231 in Fawley Church, Bucks, England. Isabel was born in 1206 in Of, , Pembrokeshire, Wales; was christened in Apr 1206 in , St. David's, Pembrokeshire, Wales; died on 16 Jan 1240 in , Berkhampstead, Hertfordshire, England; was buried in , Beaulieu, Southampton, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Earl married Sanchia BERENGER, Comtesse De Provence on 23 Nov 1243 in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England. Sanchia (daughter of Count Raymond BERENGER, V and Countess Beatrice DE SAVOIE) was born about 1225 in Aix-En-Provence, Bouches Du Rhone, France; died on 9 Nov 1261 in Berkhamsted Castle, Buckinghamshire, England; was buried in Hayles Abbey, Gloucestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: GN7Q-2DC

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• FamilySearch ID: KZFZ-71Z
• RULED: Empress And Princess
• _UID: 81F672D98A1C4C198736ED966A0F5C563851
• ACCEDED: 20 Jul 1235, Worms Cathedral, Germany

Notes:

Ancestral File Number: 8XJ6-21

Princess married on 20 Jul 1235 in Worms, Rhinehessen, Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• CAUSED BY DEA: Natural Causes
• FamilySearch ID: 9MSW-D9T
• _UID: C007238540304FB097919D70CA2874F46D73

Notes:

Ancestral File Number: 8WKP-JJ

Eleanor married on 23 Apr 1224 in Kings Chapel, Palace Of Westminster, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Eleanor married on 7 Jan 1237-1238 in St. Stephen's Chapel, Westminster, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: GJJ6-WSJ
• _UID: 035051ECEAE349AE95D12CE86812BF787FB6

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: GJJX-SPD
• _UID: 3003DDD6FEBE445AAC4C4853FDE7DCCB5EF4

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: G8C5-R3R
• _UID: C2CF1F9C27604703BF523592F1267357D675

Family/Spouse: Sir Thomas FITZOTTO. Thomas was born about 1231 in Of Mendlesham, Suffolk, England; died before 28 Mar 1274. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• _UID: 58EA703EEA914F8D88B134F92BFBBF5EF05F

Notes:

She was the Princess of Castile and Leon.

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• _UID: EFBAB332710B413B862C3BDDD03FB8F80F08

Notes:

She was the Princess of Leon.

Infanta de Castile.

Berengaria married in 1212 in Jerusalem. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• AFN: ZJW6-M0
• _UID: F29F54F3B0E449DB8BDEFCE660E7CBA8953C

Notes:

She was the Princess of Castile and Leon.

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• Affiliation: ; House of Ivrea
• FamilySearch ID: 9CZS-WBG
• Name: Fernando III "EL SANTO", REY DE CASTILLA Y DE LE?N
• Name: The Saint
• _UID: A1686E613E5D427BB91849BE9A88387DDFB0
• King of Castile and Toledo: 1217
• King of Leon and Galicia: 1230

Notes:

From Encyclopedia Britannica Online, article titled "Ferdinand III:"

"canonized Feb. 4, 1671; feast day May 30"

"also called SAINT FERDINAND, Spanish SAN FERNANDO, king of Castile from 1217 to 1252 and of Leon from 1230 to 1252 and conqueror of the Muslim cities of C?ordoba (1236), Ja?en (1246), and Seville (1248). During his campaigns, Murcia submitted to his son Alfonso (later Alfonso X), and the Muslim kingdom of Granada became his vassal.

"Ferdinand was the son of Alfonso IX of Leon and Berenguela, daughter of Alfonso VIII of Castile. When born, he was the heir to Leon, but his uncle, Henry I of Castile, died young, and his mother inherited the crown of Castile, which she conferred on him. His father, like many Leonese, opposed the union, and Ferdinand found himself at war with him. By his will Alfonso IX tried to disinherit his son, but the will was set aside, and Castile and Leon were permanently united in 1230.

"Ferdinand married Beatrice of Swabia, daughter of the Holy Roman emperor, a title that Ferdinand's son Alfonso X was to claim. His conquest of Lower Andalusia was the result of the disintegration of the Almohad state. The Castilians and other conquerors occupied the cities, driving out the Muslims and taking over vast estates."

In 1217 Ferdinand became King of Castile, which crown his mother renounced in his favour, and in 1230 he succeeded to the crown of Leon, though not without civil strife, since many were opposed to the union of the two kingdoms. He took as his counsellors the wisest men in the State, saw to the strict administration of justice, and took the greatest care not to overburden his subjects with taxation, fearing, as he said, the curse of one poor woman more than a whole army of Saracens. Following his mother's advice, Ferdinand, in 1219, married Beatrice, the daughter of Philip of Swabia, King of Germany, one of the most virtuous princesses of her time. God blessed this union with seven children: six princes and one princess. The highest aims of Ferdinand's life were the propagation of the Faith and the liberation of Spain from the Saracen yoke. Hence his continual wars against the Saracens. He took from them vast territories, Granada and Alicante alone remaining in their power at the time of his death. In the most important towns he founded bishoprics, reestablished Catholic worship everywhere, built churches, founded monasteries, and endowed hospitals. The greatest joys of his life were the conquests of Cordova (1236) and Seville (1248). He turned the great mosques of these places into cathedrals, dedicating them to the Blessed Virgin. He watched over the conduct of his soldiers, confiding more in their virtue than in their valour, fasted strictly himself, wore a rough hairshirt, and often spent his nights in prayer, especially before battles. Amid the tumult of the camp he lived like a religious in the cloister. The glory of the Church and the happiness of his people were the two guiding motives of his life. He founded the University of Salamanca, the Athens of Spain. Ferdinand was buried in the great cathedral of Seville before the image of the Blessed Virgin, clothed, at his own request, in the habit of the Third Order of St. Francis. His body, it is said, remains incorrupt. Many miracles took place at his tomb, and Clement X canonized him in 1671. His feast is kept by the Minorites on the 30th of May.

Fernando married Elisabeth VON HOHENSTAUFEN on 30 Nov 1219 in Burgos, Burgos, Castilla y Le?n, Spain. Elisabeth was born on 3 May 1205 in N?rnberg, Bavaria, Holy Roman Empire; was christened in in N?rnberg, Bayern, Heiliges R?misches Reich; died on 5 Nov 1235 in Toro, Toro, Zamora, Castilla y Le?n, Spain; was buried in 1235 in Sevilla, Sevilla, Andalusia, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Fernando married Jeanne (Joan) DAMMARTIN in Oct 1237 in Castile, Burgos, Spain. Jeanne (daughter of Count Simon DAMMARTIN, II and Countess Marie (Or Jeanne) De PONTHIEU) was born about 1216 in Of, Dammartin, Seine-Et-Marne, France; died on 15 Mar 1279 in Abbeville, Somme, France; was buried in 1279. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• _UID: BB30805208B64D2A94FDA1EE241FC5132DD9

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• _UID: 091EE9C6719449CA883F6474A278CDE458BD

Notes:

He was the Seigneur de Molina y Mesa.

Alfonso married after Sep 1244. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alfonso married Mayor DE MENESES in 1245. Mayor was born about 1222; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alfonso married after 1246. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: L1S2-CHH

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• FamilySearch ID: GZPY-LPV

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• FamilySearch ID: G7Z3-BWR

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• FamilySearch ID: GDL5-6TR

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• FamilySearch ID: LHWP-6YX
• Royal House: ; Capet
• Name: Saint
• King of France: Between 1226 and 1270
• Ordered the burning of The Talmud in Paris: 1243, Paris, ?le-de-France, France
• MilitaryService: 1258, Egypt; Led the Seventh Crusade
• 8th crusade: 24 Mar 1267
• MilitaryService: 1270, Tunis, Tunisia; Leader of the Eighth Crusade

Notes:

Louis IX, Roi de France was born on 25 April 1215 at Poissy, ?le-de-France, FranceG.3 He was the son of Louis VIII, Roi de France and Blanca de Castilla. He married Marguerite de Provence, daughter of Raimond Berengar V, Comte de Provence and Beatrice di Savoia, in 1234.4 He died on 25 August 1270 at age 55 at Tunis, Tunisia. He was buried at Saint-Denis, ?le-de-France.

He was a member of the House of Capet. Louis IX, Roi de France also went by the nick-name of Louis 'the Saint'.2 He succeeded as the Roi Louis IX de France in 1226.
Children of Louis IX, Roi de France and Marguerite de Provence

Blanche de France b. 1240, d. 1243
Isabelle de France b. 1242, d. 1271
Louis de France b. 1243, d. c 1260
Philippe III, Roi de France
b. 1 May 1245, d. 5 Oct 1285
Jean de France b. c 1247, d. 1248
Jean Tristan de France, Comte de Valois
b. 1250, d. 1270
Pierre de France, Comte d'Alen?on
b. 1251, d. 1283
Blanche de France b. 1253, d. 1300
Marguerite de France b. c 1255, d. 1271
Robert de France, Comte de Clermont
b. 1256, d. 1317
Agnes de France b. 1260, d. 1327

Louis married Queen Margaret BERENGER, Of Provence in May 1234. Margaret (daughter of Count Raymond BERENGER, V and Countess Beatrice DE SAVOIE) was born in 1221 in Forcalquire, Aples-DE-Haute-Provence; died on 21 Dec 1295 in Paris, Seine, Ile-DE-France, France; was buried in , Saint Denis, Seine-St-Denis, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Louis married Marguerite DE PROVENCE, Reine de France on 27 May 1234 in Saint Etienne, Sens, Yonne, France. Marguerite was born in 1221 in Forcalqu ier, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, France; died on 21 Dec 1295 in Abbaye de Saint Marcel, Paris, Ile-de-France, France; was buried in Dec 1295 in Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, ?le-de-France, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: 9HPG-8RZ
• _UID: 9D10B0CD11D64B1B8ED004C10F8EF3416BB2
• ACCEDED: 1237

Count married Mahaut DE LOUVAIN, Of Artois on 14 Jun 1237 in Champagne, France. Mahaut (daughter of Duke Henry DE LOUVAIN, Of Brabant and Maria HOHENSTAUFENS, Of Germany) was born in 1218 in Brabant, France; died on 29 Sep 1288. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: GH1J-Y9P

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• FamilySearch ID: LCP8-XNP
• RULED: Of Poiters And Toulouse
• _UID: BF05D2874B7F4AC1AD9F1D0C316407EFF2D0
• ACCEDED: 1249

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• FamilySearch ID: 9QZ9-6XK

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• FamilySearch ID: GDCP-JST

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• FamilySearch ID: GDC1-L27

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• FamilySearch ID: LWF2-V9P
• _UID: 43D0CF73B88B49E69BF07231CEF05ED7E8B6
• ACCEDED: 1265
• RULED: 1266, King Of Sicily; Count Of Provence; Duke Of Anjou 1246; King Of Naples & Sicily.

King married Countress Beatrice BERENGER, Of Provence in 1246. Countress (daughter of Count Raymond BERENGER, V and Countess Beatrice DE SAVOIE) died in 1267. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• Name: Ddu
• Name: Gwladys DDU
• _UID: E064F6F765444AF4880E67AA8CFF82723EFC

Notes:

He [William de Briouze] m. 2ndly, 1215, Gwladus Du, daughter of Llewelyn ap Iorwerth, Prince of North Wales, by his 2nd wife Joan, illegitimate daughter of King John. He d. between 5 May 1227 and 9 June 1228. His widow m. 2ndly, Ralph de Mortimer, of Wigmore, who d. 6 Aug 1246, and was buried at Wigmore Abbey. She d. at Windsor in 1251. [Complete Peerage I:22]

He [Ralph de Mortimer] married, in 1230, Gladys (Gladusa) Duy, or Dark-eyed, daughter of Llewelyn AP JORWORTH, by his 2nd wife, Joan (illegitimate daughter of KiNG JOHN), and widow of Reynold DE BRAOSE [died June 1228). He died 6 August 1246, and was buried at Wigmore. His widow died in 1251. [Complete Peerage IX:275-6, (transcribed by Dave Utzinger)]

NOTE: The identity of Gwladus's mother is still a matter of debate. There is no clear contemporary evidence that her mother was Joan, and a daughter of Llewelyn and Joan could not have been aged more than about 9 in 1215. The only direct statements appear to come some centuries later. One strand of the later tradition does identify Gwladus's mother as Joan, but another says she was Llewelyn's mistress Tangwystl.

[This question has been discussed by - among many others - Stewart Baldwin, Rosie Bevan, Ken Finton, Todd Farmerie, John P. Ravilious, Paul Reed, Douglas Richardson, Henry Sutliff, Nat Taylor and Brad Verity.] [Some Corrections and Additions to CP]

------------------------------------

Let me make one final general observation. There was a definite and timely reason that Reginald de Broase married Gwladys Ddu in 1215. His brother Giles, Bishop of Hereford, rebelled as soon as he received a royal grant of 'his' patrimony and joined Llywelyn (as leader of the Welsh forces) in general rebellion against John (remember that this was also about the time the North of England, etc., rebelled against John). Reginald immediately joined his brother in marching on their patrimony in the Marches to secure it by force. To cement their alliance (Giles being a bishop and all), Reginald was married to a daughter of Prince Llywelyn. Her name happened to be Gwladys, the dark eyed.

I would find it EXTRAORDINARILY coincidental if Gwladys just happened to be BARELY age twelve in 1215, when it was found expedient to marry her to Reginald. He was older, already experienced in the art of war and the ability to lead men. His elder deceased brother William was already father of four sons held as hostages by King John.

I would be utterly amazed if we found that Gwladys was aged twelve in 1215. The cause of their marriage was not (as far as we know) a prearranged marriage contract that happened to coincide with political expediency--the marriage was a RESULT of the political events that occurred in 1215.

After Reginald de Braose betrayed Llywelyn and became King John's man in 1217 [to give homage, one had to be in the actual presence of the King], and his nephew John de Braose was released in 1218, Llywelyn found a ready ally in the younger John, who was attempting to get his rightful inheritance from Reginald (who was in possession of most of it), in 1218, Llywelyn, out of political expediency, married his daughter Margared to this John.

Thus, if the marriage between Gwladys and Reginald was the result of political events, and they had not been heatedly awaiting her birthday so that they could be wed in a full and legal manner that would be permanent--rather than something that could be easily broken (or at least broken with some effort and complicity)--I would conclude it is most likely that Gwladys was actually older than twelve years old in 1215. Does that seem reasonable? [Paul C Reed, 30 Nov 2001, soc.genealogy.medieval]

Gwladys married about 1215 in 1st Husband 2ND Wife. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Gwladys married in 1230 in 2ND Husband. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• _UID: D488840583CB41C5A2ABAF671F33A67307B3

Notes:

Angharad [daughter of Joan, Princess of Wales & Llewellyn ap Iorworth, Prince of Wales]; m. Maelgwyn Fychan, lord of Cardigan Is Ayron, d. 1257. [Ancestral Roots]

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• _UID: 6D58D510194A4400B854E6E69AF43BA799BF

Notes:

He [John le Scot] married, 1222, Helen, daughter of LLEWELLYN AP IORWERTH, PRINCE OF NORTH WALES, and by her is suspected to have been poisoned. He died s.p., at Darnall, co. Chester, very shortly before 6 June 1237, and was buried at St. Werburg's, Chester, leaving the two daughters of his eldest sister and his three surviving sisters, as his coheirs, but in 1246 the Earldom of Chester was annexed to the Crown "lest so fair (preclara) a dominion should be divided (inter colas feminarum) among women." His widow married, before 5 December 1237, Robert DE QUINCY (youngest son of Saher, Earl of Winchester), who died s.p.m., August 1257. She died 1253, before 24 October. [Complete Peerage III:169-70, (transcribed by Dave Utzinger)

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Received manors of Bidford, Warwickshire & Suckley, Worcestershire as maritagium.

Helen married in 1222 in 1st Husband. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Helen married before 5 Dec 1237 in 2ND Husband. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• Affiliation: ; House of Plantagenet
• FamilySearch ID: LYWX-CBR
• Name: Edward I
• Name: Longshanks
• Occupation: 1265; Lord Warden of the Clinque Ports
• RULED: Between 1272 and 1307, King Of England
• ACCEDED: 19 Aug 1274, Westminster Abbey, London, Middlesex, England

Notes:

Edward I, called Longshanks (1239-1307), king of England (1272-1307), of the house of Plantagenet. He was born in Westminster on June 17, 1239, the eldest son of King Henry III, and at 15 married Eleanor of Castile. In the struggles of the barons against the crown for constitutional and ecclesiastical reforms, Edward took a vacillating course. When warfare broke out between the crown and the nobility, Edward fought on the side of the king, winning the decisive battle of Evesham in 1265. Five years later he left England to join the Seventh Crusade. Following his father's death in 1272, and while he was still abroad, Edward was recognized as king by the English barons; in 1273, on his return to England, he was crowned.
He was the King that had William Wallace (Braveheart) executed.

Edward I (17/18 June 1239 ? 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots (Latin: Malleus Scotorum), was King of England from 1272 to 1307.
...
First marriage

By his first wife Eleanor of Castile, Edward had at least fourteen children, perhaps as many as sixteen. Of these, five daughters survived into adulthood, but only one son outlived his father, becoming King Edward II (1307? 1327). He was reportedly concerned with his son's failure to live up to the expectations of an heir to the crown, and at one point decided to exile the prince's favourite Piers Gaveston.

Edward's children with Eleanor were:
1. Katherine (before 17 June 1264 ? 5 September 1264), buried at Westminster Abbey.
2. Joanna (Summer or January 1265 ? before 7 September 1265), buried in Westminster Abbey.
3. John (13 July 1266 ? 3 August 1271), predeceased his father and died at Wallingford while in the custody of his granduncle Richard, Earl of Cornwall; buried at Westminster Abbey.
4. Henry (6 May 1268 ? 14 October 1274), predeceased his father, buried in Westminster Abbey.
5. Eleanor (c. 18 June 1269 ? 19 August 1298); in 1293 she married Henry III, Count of Bar, by whom she had two children, buried in Westminster Abbey.
6. Juliana (after May 1271 ? 5 September 1271), born and died while Edward and Eleanor were in Acre.
7. Joan of Acre (1272 ? 23 April 1307), married (1) in 1290 Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford, who died in 1295, and (2) in 1297 Ralph de Monthermer. She had four children by Clare, and three or four by Monthermer.
8. Alphonso, Earl of Chester (24 November 1273 ? 19 August 1284), predeceased his father, buried in Westminster Abbey.
9. Margaret (c.15 March 1275 ? after 11 March 1333), married John II of Brabant in 1290, with whom she had one son.
10. Berengaria (May 1276 ? between 7 June 1277 and 1278), buried in Westminster Abbey.
11. Daughter (December 1277 ? January 1278), buried in Westminster Abbey.
12. Mary of Woodstock (11 March 1278 ? before 8 July 1332[260]), a Benedictine nun in Amesbury Priory, Wiltshire, where she was probably buried.
13. Son (1280/81 ? 1280/81), predeceased his father; little evidence exists for this child.
14. Elizabeth of Rhuddlan (c. 7 August 1282 ? 5 May 1316), married (1) in 1297 John I, Count of Holland, (2) in 1302 Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford. The first marriage was childless; by Bohun she had ten children.
15. Edward II (25 April 1284 ? 21 September 1327), succeeded his father as king of England. In 1308 he married Isabella of France, with whom he had four children.

Second marriage
By Margaret of France, Edward had two sons, both of whom lived to adulthood, and a daughter who died as a child. The Hailes Abbey chronicle indicates that John Botetourt may have been Edward's illegitimate son; however, the claim is unsubstantiated.

His progeny by Margaret of France were:
1. Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk (1 June 1300 ? 4 August 1338), buried in Bury St Edmunds Abbey. Married (1) Alice Hales, with issue; (2) Mary Brewes, no issue.
2. Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent (5 August 1301 ? 19 March 1330), married Margaret Wake, 3rd Baroness Wake of Liddell, with issue.
3. Eleanor (4 May 1306 ? August 1311).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I_of_England




AKA (2):
"Longshanks"

Edward married Queen Eleanor DE CASTILLE, Queen Consort of England on 18 Oct 1254 in Abbey Of Las Huelgas, Burgos, Castile, Spain. Eleanor (daughter of King Fernando Alfonsez "The Saint" CASTILE AND LEON, III and Jeanne (Joan) DAMMARTIN) was born in 1241 in Burgos, Burgos, Burgos, Castilla y Le?n, Spain; died on 28 Nov 1290 in Hereby, Lincolnshire, England; was buried on 17 Dec 1290 in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Edward married Margaret Of FRANCE in 1299. Margaret died in 1318. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Edward married Princess Margaret on 8 Sep 1299 in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent Co., England. Margaret (daughter of King Philippe III CAPET, Roi de France and Marie DE BRABANT, Reine de France) was born between 1279 and 1282 in Paris, France; died on 14 Feb 1316-1317 in Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire, England; was buried in Grey Friars, Church, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• FamilySearch ID: LCRM-YBW
• _UID: 95DB378015AF484DBA21AEC372F85C2BBDDA

Other Events:

• FamilySearch ID: L89R-MB2
• _UID: 3B20F7A4C1E94BA2BF9C2E68E8A9DDC9B58B

Other Events:

• FamilySearch ID: L7TR-TVZ
• Name: Crouchback
• _UID: 6E443457AA444376B02F41A4187834A10D1B
• ACCEDED: 26 Oct 1265

Notes:

Edmund Plantegenet by name Crouchback (b. Jan. 16, 1245, London, England - d. c.\June 5, 1296, Bayonne, France), fourth (but second surviving) son of King Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provence, who founded the house of Lancaster.
At the age 10, Edmund was invested by Pope Innocent IV with the kingdom of Sicily (April 1255) , as an expression of his conflict with the Holy Roman emperor, who held Sicily; but Edmund was never more than an absentee titular king, and Pope Alexander IV canceled the grant (December 1258).
In 1265 Edmund received the earldom of Leicester, and two years later was created Earl of Lancaster. He joined the crusade of his elder brother, the Lord Edward (1271-1272); and Edward on his accession as King Edward I, found in Edmund a loyal supporter. In 1275, two years after the death of his first wife, Edmund married Blanche of Artois, the widow of Henry III of Navarre and Champagne, and assumed the title Count Palatine of Champagne and Brie. When the court of King Philip IV of France pronounced that the king of England had forfeited Gascony, Edmund renounced his homage to Philip and withdrew with his wife to England. He was appointed lieutenant of Gascony in 1296but died in the same year, leaving his Son Thomas to succeed him in his English possession.
Edmund's nickname "Crouchback" (meaning "Crossback," or crusader) was misinterpreted, probably intentionally, by his direct descendant. King Henry IV, who, in claiming the throne (1399), asserted that Edmund had really been Henry III's eldest son but had been disinherited as a hunchback.

AKA (2):
"Crouchback"

Edmund married Blanche CAPET, Of Artois in 1276 in Paris, Seine, Ile-DE-France, France. Blanche (daughter of Count Robert CAPET, Of Artois and Mahaut DE LOUVAIN, Of Artois) was born in 1254; died on 2 May 1302 in Paris, Seine, Ile-DE-France, France; was buried in Minoresses Concent, Aldgate, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Edmund married before 29 Oct 1276 in Paris, Seine, Ile-DE-France, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• FamilySearch ID: L7LT-8W2
• _UID: 8D99BDD681B14F1D80977D98112F891B67C2

Other Events:

• FamilySearch ID: GZQB-PKR
• _UID: D7F58D1338F94338B296684123BAE6B27EF8

Other Events:

• CAUSED BY DEA: Young
• FamilySearch ID: GSS2-JLQ
• _UID: 2F0C195258CC49B4B02C147B064D1422BB1A

Other Events:

• FamilySearch ID: 93RN-2ZR
• _UID: A2621EB267A94169BFB287C1317EA68F2BBC

Other Events:

• _UID: 69E481FA05E346189153FCAFA4E5171552DF

Richard married Joan SAINT OWEN about 1280 in Shropshire County, England. Joan (daughter of John SAINT OWEN and Unknown UNKNOWN) was born about 1260 in Of, Winchester, Hampshire, England; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• _UID: BBC583E6E0994C4086547090799EB28112ED

Notes:

Ancestral File Number: 8XJ6-P9

Other Events:

• _UID: 8F5D83A6463A4A33A9ED021CCCD08BFBE87C

Notes:

Ancestral File Number: 9M3R-Z3

Other Events:

• _UID: CF76664F84544DDF823136439117242F2510

Notes:

Ancestral File Number: 9M3S-7F

Other Events:

• _UID: 63C671E84E3449658FB16CB96785CB7A48BA

Notes:

Ancestral File Number: 9M3S-8L

Other Events:

• _UID: AB1154A715D9427982B322CAA8D528D5FBDD

Notes:

Ancestral File Number: 9M3S-9R

Other Events:

• _UID: D6E99A165C3341619567253FE0F62FF4F94B

Notes:

Ancestral File Number: 8XJ6-G3

Other Events:

• _UID: E9C27D1BFFC44C3B91C58665A311A9BDE864

Notes:

Ancestral File Number: 8XJ6-H8